PDF《耕作方式与氮肥类型对稻田氨挥发、氮肥利用率 和水稻产量的...》

耕作方式与氮肥类型对稻田氨挥发、 氮肥利用率 和水稻产量的影响 李诗豪1 , 刘天奇1 , 马玉华1 , 李成芳1, 2* (1.

农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 武汉 430070;

2.长江大学/长江大学主要 粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心, 湖北 荆州 434023) 收稿日期: 2018-01-12 录用日期: 2018-02-12 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目 (31671637) ;

国家重点研发计划项目 (2017YFD0301403) 作者简介: 李诗豪 (1990―) , 男, 湖北荆门人, 博士研究生, 主要从事农业生态学研究.E-mail: [email protected] *通信作者: 李成芳 E-mail: [email protected] 摘要: 通过大田试验, 设置常规翻耕 (CT) 、 免耕 (NT) 两种耕作方式和不施氮肥 (N0) 、 无机氮肥 (IF) 、 缓释氮肥 (SR) 、 有机无机氮肥 配施 (IFOF)4种施肥模式, 研究其对稻田NH3挥发、 氮肥利用率和水稻产量的影响.研究结果表明: 耕作方式显著影响NH3挥发, 而 对氮肥利用率和水稻产量影响不大.与CT 处理相比, NT 处理 NH3 挥发量显著提高了 15.5%.氮肥施用显著提高了 NH3 挥发、 氮肥 利用率和水稻产量.与N0 处理相比, IF、 SR 与IFOF 处理 NH3 挥发量分别提高了 150.2%、 75.8% 与137.8%.氮肥处理中 IFOF 处理 具有最高的氮肥利用率.与IF处理相比, IFOF处理氮肥吸收利用率 (NRE) 显著提高了43.2%, 氮肥偏生产力 (NPFP) 提高了16.9%, 氮肥农学效率 (NAE) 提高了 20.1%;

与SR 处理相比, IFOF 处理 NRE 显著提高了 38.3%, NPFP 提高了 22.1%, NAE 提高了 51.3%. IF、 SR与IFOF处理较N0处理水稻产量分别提高了43.6%、 30.0%与44.4%.本研究结果表明, 翻耕下有机无机氮肥配施能有效地降 低NH3挥发, 提高氮肥利用率和产量, 但未来如何达到稻田NH3与温室气体的同步减排需要进一步研究. 关键词: NH3通量;

免耕;

有机肥;

缓释肥;

氮肥吸收利用率 中图分类号: S143 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 2095-6819 (2018) 05-0447-08 doi: 10.13254/j.jare.2018.0015 Effects of tillage practices and nitrogen sources on NH3 volatilization, nitrogen use efficiency and yield in pad? dy fields in central China LI Shi-hao1 , LIU Tian-qi1 , MA Yu-hua1 , LI Cheng-fang1,2* (1.Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River of MOA/College of Plant Science &

Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;

2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China) Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to assess effects of tillage practices as conventional intensive tillage (CT)and no-tillage (NT) and N sources as no N fertilizer (N0) , inorganic N fertilizer (IF) , slow-release N fertilizer (SR)and inorganic+organic N fertilizer (IFOF)on NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and yield in paddy fields in central China. Tillage practices significantly affected NH3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield. Compared with CT, NT obviously increased NH3 volatilization by 15.5%. N fertilization significantly enhanced NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yield. Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0. IFOF treatment showed the highest N use efficiency among N fertilizer treatments. Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE(N recovery efficiency)by 43.2%, NPFP (N partial factor productivity)by 16.9% and NAE (N agronomic efficiency)by 20.1%;