PDF《城市街谷内流场及污染物的实测分析》

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8 年7月第34 卷第4期沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science) Jul.

2018 Vol. 34? No.

4 收稿日期:2017 -

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15 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51208313) 作者简介:邹惠芬(1972―)?女?教授?主要从事建筑节能和空气品质保障技术等方面研究. 文章编号:2095 - 1922(2018)04 -

0750 -

09 doi:10.

11717 / j. issn:2095 - 1922. 2018. 04.

21 城市街谷内流场及污染物的实测分析 邹惠芬1 ?李宗昆1 ?殷梅梅1 ?叶盛2 ?李绥3 (1. 沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院?辽宁 沈阳 110168?2. 沈阳建筑大学商学院?辽宁 沈阳 110168? 3. 沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院?辽宁 沈阳 110168) 摘要目的 研究街谷内污染物质量浓度的日间变化规律和空间分布特征?温度和 车流量与街谷内污染物质量浓度的关系?以便于分析城市绿化灌木对街谷内大气环 境的影响. 方法 根据沈阳市典型街谷内的实测数据?采用 ORIGIN 软件分析沈阳市 可吸入颗粒物的空间分布特征及其与风速、温度、车流量等要素的相关性. 结果 实测 条件下街谷内的污染物分布受多种因素的影响?污染物质量浓度日变化呈现一定的 规律性?峰谷值周期性出现?测量结果表明?在空间上?街谷内颗粒污染物质量浓度的 垂直分布具有明显的分层特征?水平方向上则呈现近似对称分布的特点. 结论 微风 条件下?街谷内颗粒污染物质量浓度主要受两个因素的影响:一个是背景质量浓度的 变化?另一个是机动车排放物在街谷内的累积. 街谷内污染物质量浓度的日间变化规 律与背景质量浓度变化相似?与车流量并无直观的相关性. 城市街谷内绿化树木对街 谷内污染物分布与扩散的影响作用比较复杂. 绿化树木对颗粒物有一定的吸附作用? 但其也能阻碍污染物向街谷外扩散?从而引起街谷内污染物质量浓度的升高. 关键词 城市街谷?大气环境?颗粒污染物?实测?绿化树木 中图分类号 X511 文献标志码 A The Measured Data Analysis of Flow Fields and Pollutants in the City Street ZOU Huifen1 ?LI Zongkun1 ?YIN Meimei1 ?YE Sheng2 ?LI Sui3 (1. School of Municipal and Environment Engineering?Shenyang Jianzhu University?Shenyang?China?110168?2. School of Commerce?Shenyang Jianzhu University?Shenyang?China?110168?3. School of Architecture and Urban? Shenyang Jianzhu University?Shenyang?China?110168) Abstract:According to the measured data of Shenyang typical street valley?the spatial distribution characteristics of inhalableparticles in Shenyang and their correlation with wind speed?temperature and traffic flow are analyzed by using the ORIGIN software. The daytime variation and spatial dis~ tribution characteristics of pollutant mass concentration in street valley?the relationship between temperature and vehicle flow and pollutant mass concentration in street valley?and the influence of 第4期邹惠芬等:城市街谷内流场及污染物的实测分析

751 urban greening shrubs on the atmospheric environment in street valley were obtained. Under the measured conditions?the distribution of pollutants in the street valley is affected by many factors? such as the diurnal variation of pollutant mass concentration shows certain regularity?and the peak and valley values appear periodically. The conditions in the street canyon particulate pollutant mass concentration is mainly influenced by two factors?one is the change of background mass concentra~ tion?the other is a cumulative emissions from motor vehicles in the street canyon. However?the di~ urnal variation of pollutant mass concentration in the street was similar to that of background mass concentration?and there was no visual correlation with traffic flow. The effect of greening trees on the distribution and diffusion of pollutants in the valley of urban street is more complex. The green~ ing tress have certain adsorption effect on the particulate matter?but it can also prevent the pollu~ tant from spreading outside the mass concentration of pollutants in the street valley. Key words:urban canyon?atmospheric environment?particulates?actual measurement?afforestation trees 改革开放以来?我国经历了世界历史上 规模最大?速度最快的城镇化进程?而城市的 发展伴随着人口的增多和机动车使用量的增 加?机动车尾气排放直接进入街道?对街谷内 空气品质造成直接影响?并且汽车尾气多为 在PM2?