PDF《LILIACEAE》

8 mm, strongly reflexed;

leaves with an apical tendril 27. Gloriosa 3b. Plants bulbiferous. 5a. Styles 3;

anthers reniform, with confluent locules. 6a. Pedicel pubescent;

perianth segments not glandular at base 4. Veratrum 6b. Pedicel glabrous;

perianth segments glandular at base 5. Zigadenus 5b. Style 1, simple to 3-fid;

anthers not reniform, with

2 separate locules. 7a. Inflorescence an umbel, at first wholly enveloped by a scarious spathe 32. Allium 7b. Inflorescence generally not an umbel or, if umbellate, never wholly enveloped by a scarious spathe. 8a. Flowers more than 30, in a dense raceme or spike. 9a. Bulb cylindric;

inflorescence spicate;

perianth segments partly united;

plants with a strong, onionlike odor 33. Milula 9b. Bulb ovoid or globose;

inflorescence racemose;

perianth segments free;

plants without a strong, onionlike odor 34. Barnardia 8b. Flowers 1C20, in a lax inflorescence. 10a. Leaves 2, apparently opposite;

perianth segments strongly reflexed 16. Erythronium 10b. Leaves generally more than 2;

perianth segments not reflexed. 11a. Leaves cordate to ovate, reticulate veined 19. Cardiocrinum 11b. Leaves neither cordate nor ovate, parallel veined.

1 Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People'

s Republic of China.

2 Department of Phytotaxonomy, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People'

s Republic of China.

3 Department of Biology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People'

s Republic of China.

4 Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University,

2000 Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka 576-0004, Japan. 12a. Bulbs with fleshy, farinaceous scales;

perianth segments each with a concave nectary near base adaxially 17. Fritillaria 12b. Bulbs without fleshy, farinaceous scales;

perianth segments without a concave nectary. 13a. Anthers pseudobasifixed;

axis of seed usually straight or slightly curved;

leaves basal or cauline. 14a. Basal leaves not arising from bulb but from underground stem;

bulb more than

1 cm in diam.;

perianth more than

2 cm, deciduous after anthesis 15. Tulipa 14b. Basal leaves arising from bulb;

bulb usually 4C5 mm in diam.;

perianth less than

2 cm, persistent after anthesis. 15a. Perianth segments ± hardened and enlarged after anthesis, 1.5C2 * as long as capsule 13. Gagea 15b. Perianth segments withered after anthesis, neither hardened nor enlarged, often shorter than capsule 14. Lloydia 13b. Anthers dorsifixed and versatile;

axis of seed moderately to strongly curved;

leaves cauline or at least mostly so. 16a. Bulb with a brown, scarious tunic;

bulbels many, around roots;

style 3-fid, apically recurved;

seeds wingless 18. Notholirion 16b. Bulb naked;

bulbels absent;

style apically with

3 stigmatic crests;

seeds winged. 17a. Perianth segments similar, usually without spots or blotches 20. Lilium 17b. Inner perianth segments larger than outer ones, generally all segments with dark spots or blotches 21. Nomocharis 2b. Plants not bulbiferous or cormous, but often producing rhizomes or other underground organs. 18a. Leaves reduced to scales;

branchlets becoming leaflike (cladodes), needlelike or linear, 0.2C3 mm wide, numbering several hundred in a single plant 41. Asparagus 18b. Leaves not reduced to scales;

branchlets not as above, fewer than

100 in a single plant. 19a. Fruit bursting irregularly at an early stage and exposing seeds;