PDF《LILIACEAE》

seeds ellipsoid to globose, each resembling a berry or small drupe. 20a. Leaves subplicate veined, with transverse venation between main veins;

filaments united into a ring nearly closing mouth of perianth 57. Peliosanthes 20b. Leaves parallel veined, without clear, transverse venation between main veins;

filaments not forming a ring. 21a. Leaves longitudinally whitish striped;

flowers ± nodding;

ovary semi-inferior;

filaments much shorter than anthers;

seeds blue 56. Ophiopogon 21b. Leaves not whitish striped;

flowers erect or suberect;

ovary superior;

filaments longer than or as long as anthers;

seeds blackish 55. Liriope 19b. Fruit a berry or capsule, never bursting before seed maturation. 22a. Leaves 3C15 in

1 whorl;

outer perianth segments leaflike. 23a. Leaves usually 4C15 in

1 whorl;

flowers 4-merous or more, inner perianth segments much narrower than outer ones 9.Paris 23b. Leaves

3 in a whorl;

flowers 3-merous, inner perianth segments only a little narrower than outer ones .... 10. Trillium 22b. Leaves not in

1 whorl;

outer perianth segments not leaflike. 24a. Flowers unisexual;

leaves reticulate veined between

3 or

5 main veins;

plants mostly shrubby climbers. 25a. Perianth segments free (except in Smilax synandra)11.Smilax 25b. Perianth segments united into a tube 12. Heterosmilax 24b. Flowers bisexual;

leaves parallel veined;

plants not woody climbers. 26a. Leaves succulent 29. Aloe 26b. Leaves never succulent. 27a. Stems ± woody and continuously thickened, with clear leaf scars in apical part;

leaves usually crowded at or toward apex of stem or branches. 28a. Petiole 10C30 cm, leaf blade with veins essentially parallel but with lateral veins branching from midvein in proximal 1/2;

ovary with

2 to many ovules per locule 36. Cordyline 28b. Petiole absent to

8 cm, leaf blade with veins truly parallel from base, lateral veins absent;

ovary with

1 or

2 ovules per locule 42. Dracaena 27b. Stems not woody, without leaf scars. 29a. Fruit a capsule. 30a. Flowers clearly zygomorphic, upper

3 or

4 perianth segments much larger than lower ones 8. Chionographis 30b. Flowers actinomorphic. 31a. Styles 3. 32a. Leaves laterally flattened, basally equitant, sword-shaped;

bracteole cupular;

pedicel glabrous;

anthers ovate, with

2 separate locules 1.Tofieldia 32b. Leaves not laterally flattened;

bracteole absent;

pedicel pubescent;

anthers reniform, with confluent locules 4. Veratrum 31b. Style 1, simple to 3-parted. 33a. Perianth proximally adnate to semi-inferior ovary 3. Aletris 33b. Perianth not adnate to superior ovary. 34a. Stem elongate, ascending;

leaves cauline;

3 stigma lobes each 2-parted at apex 23. Tricyrtis 34b. Stem very short;

leaves basal or nearly so;

stigma not as above. 35a. Stamens

3 40. Anemarrhena 35b. Stamens 6. 36a. Perianth segments united. 37a. Leaves basally abruptly tapered into a petiole;

flowers purplish to white 37. Hosta 37b. Leaveslinear, basally not tapered into a petiole;

flowers yellowish to reddish ... 31. Hemerocallis 36b. Perianth segments free. 38a. Flowers not subtended by bracts;

leaves basally gradually tapered into a petiole. 39a. Inflorescence racemose or spicate;

anthers basifixed, usually reniform, with ± confluent locules 6. Ypsilandra 39b. Inflorescence umbellate or umbellate-racemose;

anthers dorsifixed, lanceolate, with locules separate or confluent only at apex 7.Heloniopsis 38b. Flowers subtended by bracts;

leaves ± linear or filiform, basally not tapered into a petiole. 40a. Leaves filiform, ca.