PDF《西瓜种传枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其防控方法》

植物保护学报 Journal of Plant Protection, 2019,

46 (2) : 330-336 DOI: 10.

13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2019.2017215 西瓜种传枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其防控方法 耿丽华 宫国义 宋顺华* 徐秀兰 吴萍孟淑春 (北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心, 农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室, 蔬菜种质改良北京市重点实验室, 北京 100097) 摘要: 为明确西瓜生产中一种幼苗新病害的病原菌种类, 分离纯化获得菌株XG1601, 并测定其致 病性, 利用形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析技术明确了该病原菌的分类地位, 研究了不同杀菌剂 及干热处理西瓜种子对该病害的防治效果.结果显示, 结合形态特征及rDNA ITS序列技术分析最 终确定菌株 XG1601 为尖孢镰刀菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum.该病原菌为种子传带, 引起 西瓜种传枯萎病, 西瓜种子种皮和种胚的带菌率分别为 5.4% 和1.7%, 在温室中播种

30 d 左右, 幼 苗的发病率可达35.7%~41.1%.种子处理对该病害的防治试验结果显示, 6.25%精甲霜灵?咯菌腈 悬浮种衣剂和2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂包衣种子对病害的防治效果分别为67.0%和68.6%, 80℃干 热处理种子 72~96 h 的防治效果均为 100.0%, 且对处理种子的发芽势、 出苗率和鲜重均无不利影 响.说明80℃干热处理种子72~96 h对西瓜种传枯萎病的防治效果最好. 关键词: 西瓜;

尖孢镰刀菌;

鉴定;

苗期病害;

种传枯萎病 Identification and control of seed-borne pathogen of watermelon wilt disease Geng Lihua Gong Guoyi Song Shunhua* Xu Xiulan Wu Ping Meng Shuchun (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of North China Area;

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable germplasm improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;

Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China) Abstract: To clarify the pathogen of one new watermelon seedling disease, the strain XG1601 was ob- tained from the symptomatic seedlings, and the strain was identified by the morphological characteris- tics and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The control effects of dry heat treatments and different fungicide treatments on this disease were tested. The results showed that strain XG1601 was identified as Fusari- um oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The rates of infected seed coat and embryo were 5.4% and 1.7%, respec- tively. After sowed in the greenhouse at

30 d, the rate of diseased seedlings was 35.7%-41.1%. The dis- ease control efficacies of the treatments with seeds coated with 6.25% metalaxy1-M?fludioxonil seed- coating suspension and 2.5% fludioxonil seed-coating suspension reached 67.0% and 68.6%, respective- ly. The dry-heat treatment at 80℃ for 72-96 h showed the best control efficiency (100%) against Fusar- ium wilt of watermelon without negative influence on seed germination energy, seedling emergence rate and seedling fresh weight. The results indicated that the dry-heat treatment was the best disease manage- ment strategy. Key words: watermelon;

Fusarium oxysporum;

identification;

seedling disease;

seed-borne Fusarium wilt 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2018YFD0201300) , 国家现代农业产业技术体系北京市西甜瓜创新团队专项 (BAIC10) , 北京市农林科学院科技 创新能力建设专项 (KJCX20170102) * 通信作者(Author for correspondence) , E-mail: [email protected] 收稿日期: 2017-11-22 西瓜枯萎病是在世界范围内广泛发生的一种病 害, 其病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, 该菌在土壤中存活时间可 长达 8~10 年(Miguel et al., 2004) .多年来, 土传西 瓜枯萎病严重影响西瓜生产, 田间病株率一般为 10%~20%, 严重时可达 80%~90%, 甚至可造成绝 产.据报道, 西瓜种子可携带具有致病性的镰刀菌 (Gargouri et al., 2000) , 从我国的西瓜种子上也分离 得到了具有致病性的尖孢镰刀菌 Fusarium oxyspo- rum f. sp. niveum (吴学宏等, 2009;