PDF《2018 上半年全国教师资格笔试重要分析 （高中学段英语学科）》

50 pounds for the medicine. How much did you pay him? (4)cost 的主语必须是某物.句型是 sth. cost (sb.) some money.如: The dictionary cost me ?20. 3. rise, arise, raise, arouse 的区别 rise, arise 是不及物动词;

raise, arouse 是及物动词. (1)rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升,升起,升高;

上涨 说明主语自身移向较高位置,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、温度、物价等,无 被动语态.如: The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起. (2)arise (arose, arisen) vi.(问题,困难等)出现;

发生,产生;

主语一般为抽象名 词,如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement.常用短语:arise from / out of sth.由……引起;

因……产生.如: They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication. 他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题. (3)raise vt. 招募;

养育,栽培;

提高;

举起;

说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他 事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义.可用于被动语态.如: 招募:to raise an army 养育、栽培:to raise a child 提高工资、租金:raise salaries/ the rent 举起手:raise one'

s hand 提出问题:raise a question (4)arouse 意为 激起,唤醒;

使……奋发 ,可用于被动语态.如: 微信:zjjsks QQ 群:229871630 学员专用,请勿外泄 He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒. 考点・非谓语动词做定语的区别 1.不定式作定语 (1)不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在 谓语动词所表示的动作之前. She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. (2)如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适 当的介词. Let'

s first find a room to live in / put the things in. We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us toworry about.) 2. -ing分词作定语 (1)-ing 分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时 该动作正在进行,否则,要用从句作定语. Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 比较: 误:He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 正:He is the man who visited our class yesterday. (2)单个的-ing 分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing 短语作 定语一般后置;

强调动作的单个-ing 分词也常后置.例: a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping) the boy standing there ( = the boywho is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. 3. -ed 分词作定语 -ed 分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作,-ing 分词表示一个主动或正在进行 的动作,-ing 分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作.例: a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4.像定语从句一样,分词作定语也有非限制性的,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从 句. The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident, has greatly changed theworld. 考点・名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses).名词性从句的功能相当 于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它 在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语 从句. 微信:zjjsks QQ 群:229871630 学员专用,请勿外泄 种类 作用 常用关联 词 例句 主语从句 在复合句中做主 语,相当于名词,一般置于谓 语之前,也可用 it 作形式主语, 主语从句放主句 之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or not doesn'