PDF《The second language acquisition of》

ye3'

with the meaning '

also'

in Cantonese is the additive '

dou1'

, which also act as a universal quantificational adverb. To make it more complicated, the scope of Mandarin '

ye3'

is different from the scope of Cantonese additive '

dou1'

, with Mandarin '

ye3'

sharing a wide scope, meaning that it can either take constituents preceding it or following it, while Cantonese '

dou1'

sharing a narrow scope, and can only take constituents preceding it into its scope. The acquisition of Mandarin '

ye3'

by Cantonese learners is thus worth investigating. In Mandarin, the additive meaning is mostly realized by a set of focus adverbs, including '

ye3'

, '

hai2'

and '

you4'

. Among which, '

ye3'

is most frequently used. '

Ye3'

expresses its

1 The notations convention and the abbreviations used in this paper are as follows: -pl: plural form;

Casp: aspectual suffix, including Chinese '

le1'

and '

guo4'

, Cantonese '

zo5'

;

Ccl: classifier;

SLA: second language acquisition;

FLA: first language acquisition;

NS: native speaker;

NNS: non-native speaker;

L1: first language;

L2: second language;

UG: Universal Grammar;

CAH: Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis;

RHM: Revised Hierarchical Modal.

3 additive........