DOC《Making Cooking Stoves Safer Worldwide》

Making Cooking Stoves Safer Worldwide 让全世界的做饭炉灶更安全 Smokey cook fires are a leading cause of indoor air pollution - poor air quality inside buildings.

Indoor air pollution kills more than four million people each year. The problem is bigger than malaria, tuberculosis or HIV, the virus that causes the disease AIDS. 做饭烧柴的烟污染是室内空气污染的主要原因,这导致室内空气质量很差.室内的空气污染每年夺去数百万人的生命.这一危害比疟疾、肺结核或者导致艾滋病的艾滋病毒还要厉害. Recently, people concerned about the issue met for two days of discussions in New York City. Their hope was to persuade private industry to build and sell better stoves. 最近,人们关心在纽约举办了一场为期两天的关于炉灶烟污染的讨论.他们希望能说服私企生产、出售更好的炉灶. Traditional open-fire cooking affects the health of both human beings and the world'

s environment. Collecting wood for cooking fires is one of the main causes of deforestation. And the gases and soot that come from the fires pollute the air. They also are partly responsible for rising temperatures. 传统的明火烹饪影响人类身体健康和世界环境.用木材来烧火做饭是森林砍伐的主要原因.烧火产生的气体和煤烟污染空气,同时多多少少还影响到气温的升高. At the meeting, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton noted that almost three billion people use traditional stoves for heating and cooking. Because of their widespread use, she said, indoor air pollution is an international problem. 会上,前国务卿希拉里・克林顿指出大概有300万人使用传统的炉灶来取暖、做饭.因为传统的炉灶使用很广泛,她说室内空气污染是个全球性问题. But it also, if approached correctly, could be an economic opportunity. And that is the idea behind the alliance. 但是如果能够处理得当,也会是个商机.这就是联盟的构想. The Global Alliance for Clean Cook stoves supports companies that make and sell affordable, efficient and less-polluting cookers. The alliance also supports research into developing better stoves. 全球清洁炉灶联盟支持公司制造、销售实惠、高效以及污染少的炉灶.联盟支持研究开发更好的炉灶. Ms. Clinton helped launch the group in 2010. At the meeting, the United States promised $200 million in financial support and research money. But organizers wanted to raise $500 million. 2010年,克林顿帮助发起这个联盟组织.会上,美国承诺给予2亿美元的资金支持.但组织者希望能募集5亿美元. Radha Muthiah is the executive director of the alliance. She says four years after the group was launched,

20 million more households are using clean cook stoves. 拉达・马瑟亚是联盟的执行总监.她说这个联盟已经成立4年了,有2千万的家庭在使用清洁炉灶. We'

ve proven that this market-based approach works. Twenty million stoves later, we know that this is a recipe that can be scaled up. 事实证明以市场为基础采取的做法切实有效.不久,将会有2千万的炉灶上市,这是可以扩大规模的试验方法. Jim Jetter works as a researcher for the United States Environmental Protection Agency. He says it is not easy to build a low-cost device that people will use. 吉米・杰特是美国环境保护机构的一名研究员,他说要创造人们能够使用的低廉设备不容易. It'

s a big technical challenge to make a cook stove that has low emissions of air pollutants, that is fuel efficient, and that is low-cost so that people can afford it -- and, most importantly, that it meets the user needs. If it doesn'

t meet the user'

s needs, then people do not use the stoves and, and then there are no benefits. 要让炉灶排放少量的空气污染物是件很大的技术挑战,要求能源充分利用、价格低廉,人们能够购买的起,而且最重要的是需要满足用户的需求.如果不能满足用户的要求,那人们就不会使用这种炉灶,也就不会有利润可言. In 2012, improved stoves were tested at 15,000 homes in Orissa, India. Laboratory tests showed that the stoves lowered indoor air pollution. Harvard University economist Rema Hanna helped to write a report on the study. 2012年,经过改良的炉灶在印度奥丽萨邦的1.5万个家庭中进行试验.实验结果表明这种炉灶减少了室内空气污染.哈佛大学的经济学家汉娜写了一篇关于此项研究的报告. They slowly fell into disrepair, and households continued to use the traditional cooking stoves as well. 他们慢慢的陷入绝望,那些家庭继续使用传统的炉灶. The study found that homes with the new stoves were no healthier than those with traditional ones, and they did not use less fuel. 这项研究发现使用新型炉灶的家庭并不比使用传统炉灶的家庭更健康,他们使用的燃料并不少. Radha Muthiah says members of the Alliance know that it is not easy to solve the cook stove problem. She says the group is studying how people use them. 拉达・马瑟亚说联盟的成员知道解决炉灶的问题并不是件容易的事,联盟研究组在研究人们如何使用炉灶. There have been a lot of failures. Success takes a little bit longer, you know, to show, but we'

re, we'

re seeing that. And that, that definitely inspires me. 会有很多失败,成功还需要时日,但是我们有希望看到成功,这个希望确实在激励着我. The Alliance says it wants

100 million more homes to have clean cook stoves by 2020. The group believes it will reach that goal early. 联盟称预计到2020年,将会有1亿家庭使用清洁炉灶,相信能够早日实现这个目标. I'

m Christopher Cruise. 我是克里斯托弗・克鲁斯. Making Cooking Stoves Safer Worldwide By Christopher Cruise

09 December,

2014 Smokey cook fires are a leading cause of indoor air pollution - poor air quality inside buildings. Indoor air pollution kills more than four million people each year. The problem is bigger than malaria, tuberculosis or HIV, the virus that causes the disease AIDS. Recently, people concerned about the issue met for two days of discussions in New York City. Their hope was to persuade private industry to build and sell better stoves. Traditional open-fire cooking affects the health of both human beings and the world'

s environment. Collecting wood for cooking fires is one of the main causes of deforestation. And the gases and soot that come from the fires pollute the air. They also are partly responsible for rising temperatures. At the meeting, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton noted that almost three billion people use traditional stoves for heating and cooking. Because of their widespread use, she said, indoor air pollution is an international problem. But it also, if approached correctly, could be an economic opportunity. And that is the idea behind the alliance. Smoke rises from a cookstove in India, August 2014. (Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves photo by Radha Muthiah) The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves supports companies that make and sell affordable, efficient and less-polluting cookers. The alliance also supports research into developing better stoves. Ms. Clinton helped launch the group in 2010. At the meeting, the United States promised $200 million in financial support and research money. But organizers wanted to raise $500 million. Radha Muthiah is the executive director of the alliance. She says four years after the group was launched,

20 million more households are using clean cookstoves. We'

ve proven that this market-based approach works. Twenty million stoves later, we know that this is a recipe that can be scaled up. Jim Jetter works as a researcher for the United States Environmental Protection Agency. He says it is not easy to build a low-cost device that people will use. It'

s a big technical challenge to make a cookstove that has low emissions of air pollutants, that is fuel efficient, and that is low-cost so that people can afford it -- and, most importantly, that it meets the user needs. If it doesn'

t meet the user'

s needs, then people do not use the stoves and, and then there are no benefits. In 2012, improved stoves were tested at 15,000 homes in Orissa, India. Laboratory tests showed that the stoves lowered indoor air pollution. Harvard University economist Rema Hanna helped to write a report on the study. They slowly fell into disrepair, and households continued to use the traditional cooking stoves as well. The study found that homes with the new ........