DOC《从铜阳极泥分银渣中回收铋和锑》

从铜阳极泥分银渣中回收铋和锑 王超1,蒋训雄2,蒋伟2,汪胜东2,冯林永2,董f君3 (1.

青海铜业有限责任公司,西宁 810001;

2.北京矿冶研究总院,北京 100160;

3.西部矿业集团有限公司,西宁 810001) 摘要:采用硫酸与氯化钠的混合溶液浸出铜阳极泥卡尔多炉分银渣.结果表明,铋、锑被浸出进入溶液,铅转化为硫酸铅留在浸出渣中,从而实现铅与锑、铋的分离.在硫酸浓度2.5 mol/L、氯化钠浓度125 g/L、液固比4∶

1、温度95 ℃、浸出时间4 h的条件下,铋、锑、铅、银的浸出率分别为98.67%、91.17%、0.56%和0.76%,金几乎不被浸出. 关键词:铜阳极泥;

分银渣;

铋;

锑;

综合回收 中图分类号:TF817;

TF818 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007-7545(2014)09-0000-00 Recovery of Bismuth and Antimony from Silver-separation Slag of Copper Anode Slime WANG Chao1, JIANG Xun-xiong2, JIANG Wei2, WANG Sheng-dong2, FENG Lin-yong2, DONG Hong-jun3 (1. Qinghai Copper Co., Ltd., Xining 810001, China;

2. Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing 100160, China;

3. Western Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xining, 810001, China) Abstract: The silver-separation slag from smelting process of copper anode slime in Kardo furnace was leached by mixed solution of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. The results show that bismuth and antimony enter into leacheate after being leached, and lead remains in residue after being transformed into lead sulfate. The leaching rates of Bi, Sb, Pb, Ag are 99.5%, 91.2%, 0.7%, 0.8% respectively, and gold is hardly leached under the optimum conditions including H2SO4 concentration of 2.5 mol/L, NaCl concentration of

125 g/L, ratio of liquid to solid of 4∶1, temperature of

95 ℃, and leaching duration of

4 h. Key words: copper anode slime;

silver-separation slag;

bismuth;

antimony;

comprehensive recovery 铜阳极泥中富含金、银、铂、钯、硒、碲等稀贵、稀散金属,是铜冶炼厂综合回收价值最高的中间物料.阳极泥的处理工艺有湿法和火法两种,大型的铜冶炼厂通常采用火法处理,中、小型冶炼厂多采用湿法.无论湿法工艺,还是火法工艺,都会在分金、银时产出一种分银(金)渣[1-3].分银渣中除铅、锑、铋外,还含有少量的贵金属等,有较高的综合利用价值.由于分银渣成分复杂,处理困难,除部分企业返回铜熔炼或分银炉再处理外,大多堆存或外售.如果是返回铜熔炼或分银炉处理,不仅影响熔炼作业,且金、银收率较低,还会造成杂质元素的富集. 分银渣的火法工艺即采用还原熔炼工艺,利用分银渣中的铅、铋等作为捕集剂,将金、银等贵金属富集于铅铋合金中,铅铋合金经浇铸成阳极板后进行电解,回收铅和铋,金和银进入铅电解阳极泥中,然后采用常规湿法工艺回收金、银.火法还原熔炼对贵金属的富集效果非常明显,银和金的捕集率分别达到98.79%、98.21%[4].湿法工艺主要是通过选择浸出的方法将贵金属与贱金属分离,根据浸出顺序不同分为贵金属优先和贱金属优先两种方案.贵金属优先方案先采用硫代硫酸盐和氯酸盐分别浸出银和金,从而将金、银等贵金属与锑、铋、碲等贱金属元素分离,再分别加以回收[5-6];

贱金属优先方案则是先用氯盐等浸出剂,优先将铅、锑、铋等浸出,而实现金、银的富集[7],得到的富集贵金属的渣再浸出金、银或返回阳极泥的分银工序回收. 本文采用湿法工艺,即采用硫酸与氯化钠的混合溶液浸出铜阳极泥卡尔多炉分银渣,提取铋和锑.