DOC《some与any的用法区别》

some与any的用法区别

一、一般说来,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句.

例如: She wants some chalk. She doesn't want any chalk. Here are some beautiful flowers for you. Here aren't any beautiful flowers.

二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念.例如: He never had any regular schooling. In no case should any such idea be allowed to spread unchecked. The young accountant seldom (rarely, hardly, scarcely) makes any error in his books. I can answer your questions without any hesitation.

三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中.例如: If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer. If there are any good apples in the shop, bring me two pounds of them. If you have any trouble, please let me know.

四、在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句.

1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的.例如: Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说话人认为下午有人要求,所以用some) Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(说话人不知道下午是否有人来,所以用any) Didn't you give him some tickets?(说话人认为票已经给他了.问题的回答是:Sure I did) Did you give him any tickets?(说话人不知道是否给票了.回答可能是yes或no.)

2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时.例如: Won't you have some more tea? Will you buy me some paper? Could you get me some clips? 这类用语中的some不能用any代替.

3、在"Let me know if you need any help."这类条件句中,可用some代替any. 用any表示说话人完全不知道对方是否需要帮助,或表示说话人愿意向对方提供无限量的帮助 Let me know if you need help. 用some 则表示提供对方某种程度的、确定的帮助,或者表示期待肯定的回答. Let me know if you need some help.

五、如前所述,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句.这种提法着眼于句子的形式或结构.此外,这两个词的选择还与它们本身的词义有关. 在"Some students have not seen any pictures during the vacation."这个句子中,我们可以看出:

1、句子形式上虽是否定句,但some students是句子的主语,后面根据需要用肯定的或否定的谓语动词都可,不存在受限制的问题. Have have Some students{have not? seen… pictures.

2、pictures在句中作宾语,因此,用some还是用any就受到谓语动词的肯定或否定形式的限制. have seen some pictures. ① Some students{have not seen some/any pictures.② 句①中some students 和some pictures的some意思是"一些、若干".虽未确定数量,但这个数量是为说话人所知道的,或者是客观存在的,因此不能用无法确定数量的any(任何)来代替.该句的意思是"有些/一些学生看见过一些图画". 句②中用some或any不是由动词的否定形式来决定,而是因为some的意义与any不同:…have seen some是"见过一些或有些见过";

…have not seen some 意味着"有些见过,有些没见过";

…have not seen any 是"任何…都没见过".试体会下面一段对话: ――You have seen all those pictures, haven't you? ――Not quite. Some(pictures) I haven't (seen). (=I haven't seen some of them.) ――No, I haven't seen any picture(s). some和any的区别如下: 一般来讲some用于肯定句,而any用于否定句和疑问句,但是有以下例外: 1)any可以用在肯定的条件从句中,例如:If there is any mistake, please let me know. 2)some用于表请求的疑问句中表示希望得到对方肯定地回答,进而显得请求很诚恳,例如: - Would you like some tea? no,?not? 这两个词都表示"否定",但含义和使用场合不同.? no可作yes的相对语,给问句以否定回答.如:? ―Are?you?from?the?States??你是美国人吗?? ―No,?I'm?from?Canada.?不,我是加拿大人.? no?还可以表示not?any/not?a的意思,因此凡是和any或a?搭配的名词、动名词、形容词或副词,都可与no?搭配使用.如:? There?were?no?(=not?any)?letters?for?you?this?morning.?今天上午没你的信.? It's?no?difficult.?=It's?not?any?difficult.?一点也不难.? no本身是个限定词,不可与另一个限定词,如a,?any,?that,?the,?all,?both,?ever,?hi等连用,因此在出现上述限定词时,必须用not.如:? Not?all?of?us?saw?it?happen.?我们不是所有的人都看到这件事的发生.? 在否定动词、副词、介词短语时,用not不用no.如:? I?haven't?seen?him?quite?recently.?最近我没有见过他.? I?can?make?it?Friday,?but?not?Thursday.?定在星期五可以,但星期四不行.? 由上可知,no和not?any/not?a都可放在名词前,但前者用于书面语较多,后者用于口语较多,而且前者没有后者的语气强.如:? I?have?no?money?left.?我没有余钱了.? I?haven't?any?money?left.?我没有余钱了.? 在动词为be的句子中,not?(a)?却不如no.前者只表示"不是"这一事实,得带有一定的感情色彩.如:? I?am?no?teacher.?我没有当老师的能力.? I?am?not?a?teacher.?我不是老师.? He?is?not?good?at?tennis.?他不擅长于网球.? He?is?no?good?at?tennis.?他网球打得很不好.