编辑: 于世美 | 2019-07-03 |
关键词:红土镍矿;
工艺;
进展 中图分类号:TF815 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007-7545(2015)06-0000-00 Status and Research Progress of Laterite Nickel Ore YANG Tao, LI Xiao-ming, ZHAO Jun-xue, CUI Ya-ru, XIE Geng, RAO Yan-bing (School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'
an University of Architecture &
Technology, Xi'
an 710055, China) Abstract: Pyrometallurgy processes, including rotary kiln dry-electric furnace reduction smelting, direct reduction in rotary kiln to produce ferronickel, and reduction-sulfuration process to produce nickel matte, were summarized and compared with hydrometallurgy processes, including reduction roasting-ammonia leaching, high pressure acid leaching, for comprehensive recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite ore. Technical progress and cost of each process was compared. Bioleaching, microwave-assisted leaching, chlorination segregation, roasting-leaching, and a novel coupling technology to extract ferronickel and cementing materials by direct reduction were introduced. Key words: laterite nickel ore;
technology;
progress 镍主要来源于含镍的硫化矿和氧化矿,硫化镍矿品位较高且可以通过选矿使品位进一步提高,是现阶段制备纯镍及镍基合金(除不锈钢)镍的主要来源,但资源量及品位逐渐降低.红土镍矿资源丰富,采矿成本低,选冶工艺趋于成熟,可生产氧化镍、镍铁(可用于生产不锈钢)等多种中间产品以及纯镍,是未来镍的主要来源.我国已明确将氧化镍矿开发利用列为重点项目[1-2],因而积极探讨并研究红土镍矿的利用方法具有重要的现实意义.
1 现有处理工艺 不同产地的红土镍矿矿物的化学成分与矿物组成变化很大,提炼工艺亦不同.现今探明的红土镍矿多分布在南、北回归线一带.典型红土镍矿的主要成分[1,3]如表1所示. 表1 不同类型红土镍矿的主要成分 Table
1 Main chemical compositions of different type of laterite /% 红土镍矿类型 Ni Co Fe MgO SiO2 Cr2O3 褐铁矿型 0.8~1.5 0.10~0.2 40~50 0.5~5.0 10~30 2~5 低镁硅镁镍矿型 1.5~2.0 0.02~0.1 25~40 5~15 10~30 1~2 高镁硅镁镍矿型 1.5~3.0 0.02~0.1 10~25 15~35 30~50 1~2 目前,处理红土镍矿的主要工艺有回转窑干燥预还原-电炉熔炼法、回转窑直接还原法、还原―硫化熔炼法、氨浸法、酸浸法等. 收稿日期:2014-12-30 基金项目:陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2014XT-24);
西安市科技计划项目(CXY1433(1)) 作者简介:杨涛(1989-),男,陕西周至人,硕士研究生;
通信作者:李小明(1974-),男,陕西洛川人,博士,教授. 回转窑干燥-电炉还原熔炼(RKEF法)是火法处理红土镍矿的典型工艺,也是目前采用红土镍矿生产镍铁的主要工艺,可处理高硅高镁型红土镍矿和褐铁矿型红土镍矿[4].红土镍矿先在回转窑内进行干燥及预还原(650~800 ℃),而后将其加入还原电炉(1 550~1