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或者称…… ??? 例1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. ??? 译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器. ??? 4. only + to do 意为 ……,结果却…… ,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果. ??? 例1: They don t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. ??? 译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望. ??? 例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. ??? 译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了. ??? 5.not more / -er than 与no more / -er than 结构 ??? 比较: ??? John is not better than Tom. ??? John is no better than Tom. ??? 前一句表示 约翰不比汤姆好 ,属于普通的比较结构;

后一例用了no 情况就不同了.no better than 相当于as bad as,含义是两人一样坏.这里, no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than 所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意. ??? 例如: no richer than = as poor as? 和……一样穷 ??? no bigger than = as small as 和……一样小 ??? no later than = as early........