DOC《00832English Lexicology（英语词汇学）复习资料》

00832English Lexicology(英语词汇学)复习资料 教材购买: http://www.

stegs.net/so.html 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法. 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics(文体论) and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word(词的定义): A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式,拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用. 2.Sound and meaning(声音与意义): almost arbitrary, no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself 3.Sound and form(读音和形式):不统一的四个原因(1)the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other (2)the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years(3)some of the difference were created by the early scribes(4)the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary (5)printing、standardization、dictionary ―Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 ―The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form.英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary? (1)Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 (2)Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 (3)All the words of a dialect,a book ,a discipline...某个方言,书籍,学科中的所有单词 5. Classification of English Words: By use frequency:basic word stock&

nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&

functional words By origin:native words&

borrowed words 6. The basic word stock(基本词汇): is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. 基础词是几世纪积累的词汇的基础,构成语言的核心.尽管基础词占英语词汇比例小,它仍然是最重要的组成部分. 7. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的基本特征): 1)All-National character(全民通用性most important) 2)Stability(相对稳定性 relative) 3)Productivity(多产性 are mostly root words or monosyllabic words) 4)Polysemy(多义性) 5)Collocability(可搭配性) 8. nonbasic vocabulary(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon(行话) (3)slang(俚语) (4)Argot(暗语) (5)Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms(古语) (7) Neologisms(新词语):Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) 9.― Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine、in mathematics、in music、in education. 包括特定学科的技术术语和学术领域 ―Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves用于特定的词汇,通过特定艺术,科学,商业和专业领域的成员在彼此之间交流 ―Slang belongs to the sub-standard language ,a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot俚语粗话属于低等语言,处在标准通用语言,(包括每人用的非正式词汇)和团体内部语言包括cant(任何下等团体的行话),jargons,argot 10. slang is colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive俚语生动,直率,印象深刻而且感人 11. Certain words are labeled '