PDF《机械故障诊断基础研究“何去何从”》

第49 卷第

1 期? 2013? 年? 1? 月机械工程学报? JOURNAL?OF?MECHANICAL?ENGINEERING? Vol.

49? No.1? Jan.? 2013? DOI:10.3901/JME.2013.01.063? 机械故障诊断基础研究 何去何从 王国彪?1? 何正嘉?2? 陈雪峰?2? 赖一楠?1? (1.? 国家自然科学基金委员会 北京? 100085;

? 2.? 西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室 西安? 710049)? 摘要:机械故障诊断是一门起源于

20 世纪

60 年代的新兴学科,其突出特点是理论研究与工程实际应用紧密结合.该学科经 过半个世纪的发展逐渐成熟,在信号获取与传感技术、故障机理与征兆联系、信号处理与诊断方法、智能决策与诊断系统等 方面形成较完善的理论体系,涌现了如全息谱诊断、小波有限元裂纹动态定量诊断等原创性理论成果,在机械、冶金、石化、 能源和航空等行业取得了大量卓有成效的工程应用.但是,该学科也还存在着故障机理研究不足、诊断方法有限和智能诊断 系统薄弱等问题.今后机械故障诊断学科的基础研究和源头探索究竟应该如何开展,未来的发展方向是怎样,将是一个非常 急切且需要深入探讨的问题.在对国内外机械故障诊断学科基础理论和工程实际应用研究现状分析的基础上,指出目前该学 科基础研究存在的问题和今后研究突破的方向. 关键词:故障诊断 故障机理 特征提取 寿命预测 中图分类号:TH17? Basic?Research?on?Machinery?Fault?Diagnosis―What?is?the?Prescription? WANG?Guobiao? 1? HE?Zhengjia? 2? CHEN?Xuefeng?2? LAI?Yinan? 1? (1.?National?Natural?Science Foundation?of?China,?Beijing?100085?? 2.?State?Key?Laboratory?for?Manufacturing?Systems?Engineering,?Xi'

an?Jiaotong?University,?Xi'

an?710049)? Abstract:From?the?1960s,?the?machinery?fault?diagnosis?has?rapidly?developed?as?an?emerging?subject,?whose?prominent?feature lies? in?close?combination?of?theoretical?research?and?engineering?practical?application.?Over?the?past?half?a?century,?the?machinery?fault? diagnosis?has?been?developed?into?its?maturity,?which?results?in?relatively?comprehensive?theoretical?framework?on?signal?acquisition? and?sensing?technology,?fault?mechanism?and?symptom?relationship,?signal?processing?and?diagnosis?method?as?well?as?intelligent? decision?and?diagnosis?system.?This?subject?has?also?made?several?original?theoretical?achievements,?such?as?holospectrum?diagnosis? and?crack?dynamic?quantitative?diagnosis?with?wavelet?finite?element. Meanwhile,?it?has?been?effectively?implemented?in?a number?of? engineering?applications,?such?as?machinery,?metallurgy,?petrochemical?industry,?energy?and?aviation,?etc.?However,?there?still?exist? some? shortcomings? in? this? subject,? such? as? research? blanks? in? fault? mechanism,? limitation? in? diagnosis? methods,? weakness? in? intelligent?diagnosis?equipment.?Therefore,?how?to?develop?the?basic?research?and?explore?the?source?of?machinery?fault?diagnosis?? What?are?development?directions?in?the?future??These?are?urgent?problems?needed?to?be?addressed.?Based?on?the?review?of?the?recent? researches?on?basic?theory?of?machinery?fault?diagnosis?and?its?engineering?practical?application?at?home?and?abroad,?the?deficiency? of?the?basic?research?and?the?breakthrough?potentials?of?machinery?fault?diagnosis are?presented.? Key words:Fault?diagnosis? ? Fault?mechanism? ? Feature?extraction? ? Life?prediction? 0? 前言? 1? 机械故障诊断技术是监测、诊断和预示连续运 行机械设备的状态和故障,保障机械设备安全运行 的一门科学技术,也是?20?世纪?60?年代以来借助多 种学科的现代化技术成果迅速发展形成的一门新兴 学科.其突出特点是理论研究与工程实际应用紧密? 20120627?收到初稿,20121109?收到修改稿 结合? [1]? . 机械故障诊断对于保障设备安全运行意义重 大.机械设备一旦出现事故,将带来巨大的经济损 失和人员伤亡.国内外因机械设备故障而引起的灾 难性事故屡有发生? [2]? ,例如我国三峡工地塔带机断 裂事故、美国哥伦比亚号载人航天飞机失事、美国 空军?F15?战机空中解体事件等. 正所谓 千里长堤, 溃于蚁穴 , 若能准确及时识别设备运行过程中故障 的萌生和演变,对保障机械系统安全运行,减少或 机械工程学报第49 卷第