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H O S T E D B Y Original Research Article Mulching type-induced soil moisture and temperature regimes and water use ef?ciency of soybean under rain-fed condition in central Japan Mohammad Abdul Kader a,n , Masateru Senge b , Mohammad Abdul Mojid c , Kimihito Nakamura d a Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra-5842, Bangladesh b Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1112, Japan c Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh d Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received

22 April

2017 Received in revised form

24 June

2017 Accepted

21 August

2017 Available online

7 September

2017 Keywords: Mulching Soil-water consumption Soil temperature Water use ef?ciency a b s t r a c t Soybean (Glycine max) is a high water-demand crop and grown under moderate temperature in Japan.

To protect the crop from hot summer and to utilize rainfall for its cultivation, selection of appropriate mulching material(s) is crucial. For optimum production of the crop, soil moisture and temperature regimes as well as water use ef?ciency (WUE) of the crop were investigated under straw, grass, paper, plastic and bare soil (control) mulching under rain-fed condition at Gifu university farm in Japan. The mulching treatments, compared to the control, lowered soil temperature by

2 °C at

5 cm depth and 0.5 °C at

15 and

25 cm depths. The plastic and straw mulching stored the highest quantity of soil moisture at

5 and

15 cm depths;

the bare soil stored the lowest quantity. At

25 cm depth, soil-moisture content was the highest under paper mulch but invariable under the other mulches. Plastic mulching reduced eva- poration rate from the soil surface and, consequently, the reduced soil-water consumption (SWC) from the root zone augmented WUE of soybean. The paper mulching, by conserving soil-moisture and re- ducing soil temperature, provided better crop growth attributes, while the plastic mulching improved WUE of green soybean. Therefore, the plastic mulch performed best in reducing soil-water consumption and increasing WUE, while the paper mulch was good for soil-moisture conservation and temperature modi?cation that increased soybean yield. &

2017 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC- ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction Vegetable soybean (Glycine max), called '

edamame'

, has been popularly cultivated in Japan for many years (Konovsky, Lumpkin, &

McClary, 1994) and, recently, is being used as a fodder crop also (Uchino, Uozumi, Touno, Kawamoto, &

Deguchi, 2016). The culti- vation season of soybean varies at different areas in the country (Kono, 1989) depending on the location and weather, which also affect the quality and yield of the crop. The optimum temperature for cultivation of vegetable soybean is less than 25C30 °C during day time and more than 10C15 °C at night time (Kono, 1989). The growing period of the crop is 90C100 days. The seeding of soybean is done in May and the crop is harvested in August in the northern region like Hokkaido, whereas March to May is the seeding time and June to August is the harvesting time in the southern region like Kyushu (Kokobun, 1991). In central Japan, the sowing time is May to June when air temperature rises up to