PDF《广东省中小学生身体发育和体质健康的基本特征》

第24 卷第

4 期2017 年7月体育学刊Journal of Physical Education Vol.

24 No.4 J u l .

2 0

1 7 广东省中小学生身体发育和体质健康的基本特征 梁健

1 ,刘振伟

2 ,郝选明

121 (1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院,广东 广州 510006;

2.广雅实验学校,广东 广州 510176) 摘要:对广东省

24 所中小学

2 306 名中小学生(10~18 岁)身体发育和体质健康水平进行研 究.测试指标包括身体形态、身体机能和身体素质.结果发现:1)男生身高在 11~

14、17~18 岁出 现2个快速增长期,女生出现

1 个快速增长期,且比男生更早;

男女生 10~13 岁体重均出现快速 增长期;

男生体脂百分比呈现缓慢增长趋势,而女生增长速率显著高于男生.2)男女生肺活量的 快速增长期在 11~13 岁, 血压的变化则提示血管和心脏发育不同步;

低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈现 拱顶 特征, 拱顶 位于

15 岁左右.3)男女生力量素质均在 12~14 岁呈现快速增长趋势,男生 17~18 岁出现第

2 个快速增长期;

男生速度发展的敏感期较女生更早且持续时间更长,男女生耐 力增长均明显滞后于速度素质;

男女生反应能力与柔韧性发展变化趋势均基本同步,其中反应能 力快速增长期为 11~13 岁,而柔韧性快速增长期为 13~16 岁.4)近年广东学生生长水平明显提高. 与全国同龄学生比较,广东省学生身高、体重和 BMI 略低,肺活量较高,但血压尤其是舒张压较 高;

速度素质和耐力素质较高,而力量素质和柔韧素质较低. 关键词:学校体育;

体质健康;

中小学生;

广东省 中图分类号:G807 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)04-0111-05 Basic characteristics of the physical development and physical health of elementary and middle school students in Guangdong province LIANG Jian1 ,LIU Zhen-wei2 ,HAO Xuan-ming1 (1.School of Physical Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;

2.Guangya Experimental School,Guangzhou 510176,China) Abstract: The authors studied the physical development and physical health conditions of

2 306 elementary and mid- dle school students (aged 10-18) at

24 elementary and middle schools in Guangdong province. Test indexes include physical development, physical functions and physical qualities. The authors revealed the following findings: 1) the male students'

height had two quick increasing periods respectively at ages 11-14 and ages 17-18, while the female students'

height had one quick increasing period, which was earlier than the male students'

;

the weight of both the male and female students aged 10-13 had a quick increasing period;

the male students'

body fat percentage showed a slowly increasing trend, while the female students'

increasing rate was significantly higher than the male students'

;

2) the quick increasing period of the lung capacity of the male and female students occurred at ages 11-13, while their blood pressure changes indicated that blood vessel development and heart development were not synchronous;

LDL-C showed arch characteristics, the arc crown occurred at age

15 or so;

3) both the male and female students'

strength quality showed a quick increasing trend at ages 12-14, the male students showed the second quick increasing period at ages 17-18;

the male students'

speed development sensitive period was earlier and lasted longer than the female stu- dents'

, both the male and female students'