DOC《外国语学院英语系》

Malley and Chamot(1990) considered learning strategies as cognitive skills. Learning strategies have been divided into three categories depending on the level or types of processing involved. They are meta-cognitive strategies, cognitive strategies and social/affective strategies. Cohen(1998) had a study on the association strategy. Chamot(1985) found that repetition was also an effective way to learn vocabularies. Cohen(1990) mentioned different kinds of vocabulary learning strategies and at the same time gave us a detailed classification. Ahmed(1989) had a study on vocabulary learning strategies used by good students and weak students and concluded that good students were good at learning vocabularies by context. Cohen(1990) and Nattinger(1988) have tried to classify and discuss vocabulary learning strategies according to the process of vocabulary learning. Brown(1994) had identified five essential steps in vocabulary learning: (1) having sources for encountering new words;

(2) getting a clear image, either visual or auditory or both, for the forms of the new words;

(3) learning the meaning of words;

(4) making a strong memory connection between the forms and meaning of the words;

(5) using the words. Fan(2003) and Schmitt(1997) both have talked about deep-processing strategies, such as association, grouping, context, word parts strategies. Parry(1991), Luppescu and Day(1993)had a study of relationship among the reading, dictionary and English vocabulary learning and found that reading was an effective way to learn vocabularies. Hatch and ........