DOC《新东方在线新概念英语网络课堂》

新东方在线新概念英语网络课堂 第4册补充教材 A Brief introduction to Translation 翻译原理入门 I.

Definition 翻译的定义 Translation, speaking, implies rendering from one language into another of something written or spoken. It is, essentially the faithful representation, in one language of what is written or spoken in another. It is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL-the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL-target language). II. Qualifications of a translator 翻译者必备的素质 1) A translator must be well acquainted with the source language. We are inclined to feel too confident of our comprehension when we are reading foreign literary works. We think we know it from A to Z, yet, when we start translating it we find it difficult and there are many points misunderstood. We are playing the fool with ourselves because of careless reading, Therefore, translation serves as the best possible approach to the study of foreign languages. 2) A translator must be well acquainted with the target language. Let'

s take Yan Fu for instance: When Yan Fu, a famous translator in the Qing Dynasty, was translating Evolution and Ethics and other Essays , the title turned out to be the crux(症结)that caused him to cudgel his brains (绞尽脑汁)day and night and look pale for it. His wife worried very much representation of the title for quite time and eventually had it translated into《天演论》which has since deserved high praise up till now. 3) A translator must be armed with necessary professional knowledge. 4) A translator must be armed with the ability to live his part. As famous play writer Maryann pointed out: a translator must enter into the spirit of character (regard himself as one that plays a role in a play). That is to say, he seems 1. present at the very spot.(亲临其境) 2. involved in the very occurrence.(亲历其事) 3. witnessing the very parties concerned.(亲睹其人) 4. interating the very utterances.(亲道其法) 5. experiencing the very joy and annoy.(亲尝其甘,亲领其苦) 6. sharing the very weal and woe.(亲享其福,亲受其哀) 7. partaking of the glee and grief.(亲得其乐,亲感其悲) 5) A translator must be armed with the excellent ability of expressiveness and vivid imagination. Toiling yourself and endure hardship for obtaining a well-chosen word just as the famous poet Du Fu did Never give up until an amazing poetic masterpiece is gained . ( 为求一字稳,耐得五更寒 ,象诗圣杜甫那样具有 语不惊人死不休 得精神与毅力) III. Criteria of Translation 翻译的标准 Speaking of criteria of translation, as early as in the Tang Dynasty, the learned Monk Xuan Zhuang designed criteria of translation with emphasis placed on accuracy and general knowledge. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu established a three character standard in translation: 信 faithfulness, 达 expressiveness and 雅 elegance, which are similar to triness by Herbert Rotheinstein(赫伯特・罗森斯坦).Faithfulness, expressiveness and gracefulness which are considered the golden rule(金科玉律)in the field of translation. After the May

4 th Movement, Lu Xun proposed: faithfulness 信 and smoothness 顺 as the criteria of translation. Shortly after the birth of New China, quite a lot of translators put forward various criteria, such as 忠实 、 通顺 、 准确 、流畅,重神韵而不是行貌(沈雁冰), 神似 与 形似 (许渊冲)and so on ... Still, some people made diverse interpretations to Yan Fu'