DOC《高考英语词汇归类复习》

高考英语词汇归类复习

一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关 英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们.

如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆.这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关. 1.宾语不同,意义也不同 英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同.它们是高考试题的考查重点.这类词主 要有: go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事) stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do) forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事) mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做) 2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同 某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式.如: We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补) 3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同 有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth, worthy一并记忆.两种形式意义相同.如: The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning. 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组 只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等. 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on),miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine ,put off, give up等. 6.系动词 系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有: 表感观的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear(这些词用形容词作表语) 表变化的系动词:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run 表依旧的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 可带名词作表语的系动词:be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词. 7.含"被动"意味的动词 有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean, add, cook, let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义: My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写.Oil burns easily.油易燃烧. 8.具有两种形式的易混动词 中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混.如: hang, hanged, hanged(绞死)hang, hung, hung(挂起) light, lit, lit(点燃,作谓语)light, lighted, lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语) drink, drank, drunk/drunken(喝,饮;

过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的", drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语) sink, sank, sunk/sunken(下沉;

过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语) bear, bore, born(出生)bear, bore, borne(结果;

生育) The woman, who was born in 1940,has borne five children. lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying (