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2008 book Nudge. 塞勒和桑斯坦于2008年合著了著作《助推》. The theory has been used by political candidates as they work to influence voters and government officials seeking to make changes in society. 政治候选人曾利用该理论影响选民和政府官员,进而试图改变社会. Other areas also interested Thaler. He studied fairness. He found that people can accept increasing prices if the costs of many things are going up. But he found that they strongly disapprove of companies that raise prices simply because of high demand for one product. 塞勒还涉猎其他领域.他曾研究公平.塞勒发现,倘若商品的成本上涨,人们也会接受物价提高.但是对于公司因某物品需求量高而提高物价的行为,人们会强烈反对. Bloomberg called Thaler'

s Nobel Prize a reward for

40 years of work spent studying human bias and temptation. 对于塞勒获得诺贝尔经济学奖,彭博社这样评价道 耗时40年研究人类偏好和诱惑所获得的奖励. Thaler is considered one of the first behavioral economists. His field, once criticized, has grown in popularity among economists over the last

10 years. 塞勒被认为是行为经济学的先驱者.他的研究领域曾受到人们的批评,但是在过去10年,行为经济学越来受经济学家的欢迎. The economist even briefly appeared in the

2010 movie, The Big Short, about the global financial crisis. 这位经济学家在2010年的电影《大空头》中曾简短亮相.《大空头》这部电影主要讲述了全球金融危机. Thaler is a professor of behavioral science and economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. 塞勒是芝加哥大学布斯商学院的行为科学和经济学的教授. The economics prize was created in

1968 in memory of Alfred Nobel after his death. Since then,

79 individuals have received the prize. The first woman winner was Elinor Ostrom in 2009. 诺贝尔经济学奖于1968年为纪念阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔而创建.之后,有79人获得了此奖项.2009年,奥斯特罗姆成为历史上第一个获得诺贝尔经济学奖的女性. American have received about half of the Nobel Prizes for economics. 对于获得此奖项的人员,其中美国人约占半数. I'

m Mario Ritter. 马里奥・里特为您报道. 听力原文: American Wins Nobel Prize in Economics American economist Richard Thaler has won the

2017 Nobel Prize for Economics. Thaler was recognized for his work as a behavioral economist. That means he studies the reasons behind the economic decisions people make. Thaler received the prize partly for his research into why people often make irrational financial decisions. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the $1.1 million prize on Monday. Speaking of the prize money, Thaler told reporters in Chicago after the announcement, I will spend it as irrationally as possible. Things people do to make financial decisions The award committee said Thaler explored the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control. It said the American economist'

s work has shown how human qualities affect people'

s individual decisions and the movements of financial markets. Thaler developed the theory of mental accounting. It describes how people create separate accounts in their minds to try to simplify financial decision-making. He described how this can lead to less rational financial decisions like saving for a vacation while paying high credit card interest. His research, Bloomberg noted, showed that people often choose short-term pleasures, which is why many people fail to plan and save for old age. The Reuters said Thaler'