PDF《玉米秸秆颗粒还田对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响》

农业资源与环境学报2019年3月・第36卷・第2期: 160-168 March 2019・Vol.

36・No.2: 160-168 Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment http://www.aed.org.cn 张莉, 李玉义, 逄焕成, 等. 玉米秸秆颗粒还田对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2019,

36 (2) : 160-168. ZHANG Li, LI Yu-yi, PANG Huan-cheng, et al.Effects of granulated maize straw incorporation on soil organic carbon contents and grain yield[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2019,

36 (2) : 160-168. Effects of granulated maize straw incorporation on soil organic carbon contents and grain yield ZHANG Li1,2 , LI Yu-yi1 , PANG Huan-cheng1* , WANG Jing

1 , CONG Ping1 , ZHANG Jun-tong1 , GUO Jian-jun3 (1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China;

2.School of Agriculture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464001, China;

3.The Institute of Agricultural Science of Dezhou, De? zhou 253000, China) Abstract: In order to improve straw incorporation method, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality in the short time, a 3-year micro-field plot experiment was carried out at a modern agriculture research station in Dezhou City, Shandong Prov? ince, China. The treatments included no straw incorporation (CK) , conventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth (CC? SI)and granulated straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth (GSI) . And then the soil organic carbon (SOC) , soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , DOC/SOC at 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers and grain yields at maturity of 2013―2016 were measured. The results showed that the GSI treatment and CCSI treatment significantly increased SOC and DOC concentrations in the 0~40 cm layers in relative to CK, but the increases were mainly in the 1~1.5 years after straw returning, there was no significant difference among treatments at other times. Com? pared with the CCSI treatment, the average increase of SOC and DOC contents in the 0~20 cm layers during

1 years of straw incorporation under the GSI treatment were significantly increased by 6.59% and 3.00%, and those increase in the 20~40 cm layers increased by 17.36% 玉米秸秆颗粒还田对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响 张莉1,

2 , 李玉义1 , 逄焕成1* , 王婧1 , 丛萍1 , 张Br1 , 郭建军3 (1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;

2.信阳农林学院农学院, 河南 信阳 464001;

3.德州市农业科学 研究院, 山东 德州 253000) 收稿日期: 2018-05-26 录用日期: 2018-08-15 作者简介: 张莉(1987―) , 女, 河南信阳人, 博士, 主要从事土壤耕作与培肥研究.E-mail: [email protected] *通信作者: 逄焕成 E-mail: [email protected] 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目 (2016YFD0300800) ;

公益性行业 (农业) 科研专项 (201303130) ;

国家自然科学基金项目 (41501314) Project supported: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300800) ;

The Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricul? tural Public Welfare Profession of China (201303130) ;

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501314) 摘要: 为改进麦玉轮作区秸秆还田方式, 推进秸秆资源高效利用, 快速提升土壤质量, 以秸秆不还田为对照 (CK) , 通过连续 3年 田间微区试验, 研究了等量玉米秸秆粉碎还田 (CCSI) 和颗粒化还田 (GSI) 对0~20 cm 和20~40 cm 土层土壤有机碳 (SOC) 、 可溶性 有机碳 (DOC) 和作物产量的影响.结果表明: 与CK 相比, GSI 和CCSI 两种秸秆还田方式均能提高 SOC 和DOC 含量, 但主要集中 在还田后 1.5年内, 还田后 1.5~3年处理间无显著差异.在秸秆还田处理中, GSI处理能快速提高 SOC 和DOC 含量.在还田当年, GSI 处理 0~20 cm 土层 SOC 和DOC 的平均含量较 CCSI 处理提高 6.59% 和3.00%, 20~40 cm 土层分别提高 17.36% 和12.65%, 且两 土层 DOC/SOC 也显著高于 CCSI 处理, 但随着还田后时间延长, CCSI 和GSI 处理间差异逐渐缩小, 还田后 1.5 年两者无显著差异. 此外, GSI处理利于提高作物产量, 且在还田当年增产效应更加突出.与CK 和CCSI处理相比, GSI处理还田当年小麦产量分别提 高9.80%和10.82%, 玉米产量分别提高9.54%和3.45%.进一步分析发现, 2013―2016年GSI处理虽然增加了经济投入, 但由于具 有更高的籽粒产量, 最终获得较高的年均净利润, 分别比 CK 和CCSI处理提高 10.09% 和3.24%.研究表明, 秸秆颗粒还田较常规 粉碎还田能快速提高SOC和DOC含量, 促进当季作物增产, 获得较高的经济效益. 关键词: 秸秆还田;