PDF《白斑狗鱼（Esox lucius Linnaeus）的骨骼结构》

5 pairs of branchial arches and the fifth arch was a rod-shape bone that connected with a bone attached tiny teeth by connective tissue. (4)There were

62 vertebraes, including

43 trucks and

19 caudal ones. Dorsal and ventral rib existed in the anterior

10 vertebraes and only ventral rib existed in the following truck vertebraes. The nerual spines of prior

10 trunk vertebrae were flake-like and no real neural arck in other trunks was observed. (5) The pterygiophore number of dorsal fin and anal fin were

19 and 16, respectively. The caudal form was similar to the hemi-heterocercal. The posterior

3 caudal vertebraes were upturned with

1 43 卷5期杨启超等: 白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius Linnaeus)的骨骼结构

705 epural and

5 hypurals. The scpular and coracoid were not ossified completely and the number of pterygiophore of pectoral girdle was four. The pelvic girdle pterygiophore was cartilage. The skeletal structure of E. lucius not only has a similar structure to the high grade fish as PARI apart by SO, but also has its own ones such as paraethmoid, incompletely ossific brain box, the hemi-heterocercal and open spinal canals on trunk veterbraes, etc. These struc- tures indicate that the E.lucius has a special taxonomic position in the evolution of Esox lucius. Key words: E.lucius;

skeletal system;

adaptability;

staining of cartilage and bone 狗鱼(Pikes)属于硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes)鲑形目(Salmoniformes) 狗鱼科(Esocidae) 狗鱼属(Esox),常简称狗鱼、鸭嘴鱼.狗鱼广泛分布在北 半球寒温带.地球上生活有

8 种狗鱼[1] ,在我国只 有两种――白斑狗鱼(E.lucius Linnaeus)和黑斑狗 鱼(E.reicherti Dybowski ),是大型凶猛肉食性淡水 鱼类.白斑狗鱼具有很高的经济价值,肉厚细嫩、 刺少、 味道好. 分布于我国新疆额尔齐斯河流域[1-2] . 鱼类的骨骼结构的研究,不仅是了解鱼类的其他系 统结构前提基础,也对于了解鱼类的分类、演化、 分化及鱼类间的相互关系具有重要的指示作用[3] . 目前,国内外关于狗鱼的研究大多集中于生物学方 面和人工繁殖方面[4] ,对白斑狗鱼的分类地位和生 长方面也曾有过一些研究[5] ,但有关狗鱼骨骼结构 的报道很少[6-7] , 尚未有关白斑狗鱼的骨骼结构的描 述.本文通过采用传统的骨骼制作方法,探讨白斑 狗鱼的骨骼结构特点.

1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 实验用鱼购自合肥市中菜市,共3尾,体长范 围479~487 mm,体重范围 661.02~702.50 g,已达 性成熟[2] .解剖盘、解剖剪、解剖刀、镊子、直尺、 游标卡尺、显微镜、解剖镜、二甲苯、双氧水、茜 素红和阿利新蓝染料等. 1.2 方法 参照常规方法测得鱼体长、体重;

按照传统的 骨骼制备方法,去皮、肌肉及内脏,经水煮后剔净 肌肉,经二甲苯脱脂、双氧水漂白后并晾干. 观察并拍照:使用索尼单反相机对骨骼进行拍 照, 并对头骨及肩带和腰带骨骼采用软骨-硬骨双染 色法[8] 处理,以区别软骨和硬骨.

2 结果与分析 白斑狗鱼骨骼系统包括未完全硬骨化的中轴骨 骼和附肢骨骼(图1) . 2.1 中轴骨骼 包括部分骨化的头骨、脊椎和肋骨. 2.1.1 头骨 头骨分为上部包藏脑及视、听、嗅等 感觉器官的脑颅(neurocranium,cranium)和下部左 右包含口咽腔及食道下部的咽颅(splachnocranium, visceral skeleton)2 部分. 图1主轴骨骼(部分) Figure

1 Part of a axial skeleton 图2脑颅背面分离的膜骨 Figure

2 Neurocranium in os m.(dorsal ) (1)脑颅.白斑狗鱼虽属硬骨鱼类,但脑颅骨 骼未完全骨化,如果按骨化程度可以分为