PDF《西安市人为源一次 PM2 5 排放清单及减排潜力研究》

第32 卷第5期2019 年5月环境科学研究Research of Environmental Sciences Vol.

32?No.5 May?2019 收稿日期: 2018~03~18 修订日期: 2019~02~25 作者简介: 闫东杰(1981~)?男?山西大同人?副教授?博士?主要从事大气污染防治研究?yandongjie_2000@ 163.com. 基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(No.2016JQ5095)? 陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(No.7JK0465) Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province? China ( No. 2016JQ5095)? Scientific Research Plan Projects of Education Departmental of Shaanxi Province? China (No.17JK0465) 西安市人为源一次 PM2?

5 排放清单及减排潜力研究 闫东杰1 ? 丁毅飞1 ? 玉亚1 ? 黄学敏1 ? 苏航1 ? 冯云堂2 1.西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院? 陕西省环境工程重点实验室? 陕西 西安

710055 2.中山市春兴建筑科技有限公司? 广东 中山

528400 摘要: 颗粒物是影响西安市环境空气质量的主要因子. 结合?西安统计年鉴 2015??2014 年环境统计数据?和现场调查等确定了 西安市各类 PM2?

5 排放源的活动水平数据?采用物料衡算法和排放因子法测算了西安市

2014 年大气中 PM2?

5 的年排放总量?并从 行业和区域角度详细分析了 PM2?

5 的排放贡献率. 在此基础上?以2014 年为基准年?依据西安市地方政策和各行业最新排放标 准?对PM2?

5 的减排潜力进行了预测. 结果表明:2014 年西安市人为源一次 PM2?

5 排放总量为

33 660?

1 t?其中?固定燃烧源、工艺 过程源、移动源、生物质燃烧源、扬尘源和餐饮源的贡献率分别为 27? 6%、23? 5%、6? 8%、10? 7%、31? 1%和0? 3%. 道路扬尘、窑炉 和发电为西安市 PM2?

5 的重点排放行业?其PM2?

5 排放量分别占排放总量的 21? 4%、20? 3%和11? 0%. 各区县中?邑区、灞桥区和 未央区的 PM2?

5 排放量较高?其贡献率分别为 15? 7%、13? 7%和12? 7%?新城区 PM2?

5 排放量最小?为297?

8 tMa.

2014 年西安市 PM2?

5 平均排放强度为 2?

07 tMkm2 ?其中?碑林区排放强度(16?

80 tMkm2 )最大?高陵区(0?

48 tMkm2 )最小. 按照?西安市

2017 年 铁 腕治霾 保卫蓝天 工作实施方案?等新政策的规定?预测在新的排放标准下西安市 PM2?

5 排放量将比

2014 年削减 63? 7%. 研究显 示?固定燃烧源、工艺过程源和生物质燃烧源有较大的减排潜力. 关键词: PM2?

5 ? 排放清单? 减排潜力? 西安市 中图分类号: X51 文章编号: 1001~6929(2019)05~0813~08 文献标志码: A DOI: 10? 13198Mj? issn? 1001~6929? 2019? 02?

12 Inventory and Reduction Potential of Anthropogenic PM2?

5 Emission in Xi′an City YAN Dongjie1 ? DING Yifei1 ? YU Ya1 ? HUANG Xuemin1 ? SU Hang1 ? FENG Yuntang2 1.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering? College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering? Xi′ an University of Architecture and Technology? Xi′an 710055? China 2.Zhongshan Chunxing Constrction Technology Co.? Ltd.? Zhongshan 528400? China Abstract: Particulate matter has been considered as the primary factor that significantly affected the air quality in Xi′an City. The activity data of different anthropogenic sources of fine particles (PM2?

5 ) in Xi′an City was obtained from the statistical yearbook? environmental statistics data? and field investigation. The total annual emissions of fine particulate matters in Xi′an City (2014)? as well as the emission weight distribution by diverse industries and regions? were evaluated by using mass balance calculation and emission factor method. In addition? the reduction potential of fine particulate matter emission was further predicted by selecting

2014 as the base year coupled with the local policies of Xi′an City? Shaanxi Province? and the latest emission standards of those industries. The results showed that the primary fine particulate matters emitted from anthropogenic sources in Xi′an City attained 33?660?

1 t which consisted of fixed combustion sources? technological process sources? mobile sources? biomass combustion sources? dust sources and catering industry with the weight distribution of 27? 6%? 23? 5%? 6? 8%? 10? 7%? 31? 1% and 0? 3%? respectively? in 2014. Road dust? industrial kilns and thermal power generation were considered as the dominant emission sources? accounting for 21? 4%? 20? 3% and 11? 0% of the total emission? respectively. Regionally? the emissions from the Huyi District? Baqiao District and Weiyang District? with the distribution of 15? 7%? 13? 7% and 12? 7%? respectively? were significantly higher than other districts. The New~urban district distributed the lowest emissions (297?

8 tMa). The results also demonstrated that the average emission intensity of fine particulate matters in Xi′an City was 2?

07 tMkm2 ? the Beilin District accounted for the maximum emission (16?

80 tMkm2 )? and the Gaoling District was the lowest district (0?

48 tMkm2 ). Under the guidance of those new policies such as the Iron Fist to Control Haze and Protect Blue Sky? it is predictable that the emission reduction of fine particulate matters would attain 63? 7% compared with

2014 in Xi′an City. The research shows that fixing combustion 环境科学研究第32 卷sources? technological process sources? and biomass combustion sources has potential to reduce fine particulate matter emission. Keywords: PM2?

5 ? emission inventory? emission reduction potential? Xi′an City 当前西安市大气污染形势严峻?2017 年空气质 量良好以上的天数累计达

180 d?其中?仅16 d 为优? 在全国

74 个城市空气质量排名中位于后十位. 西安 市NO2 、PM10 、PM2?

5 年均质量浓度以及臭氧日最大

8 小时平均第

90 百分位浓度值均高于 GB 3095―2012 ?环境空气质量标准?二级标准限值?其中?PM2?

5 为首 要污染物.

2017 年西安市 PM2?

5 年均质量浓度为

73 μgMm3 ?超过 GB 3095―2012 二级标准限值的 1?

09 倍?比2016 年上升了 2? 8%. PM2?

5 污染问题已引起政 府和公众的高度重视. 国外源排放清单研究较早?如US EPA (美国环 境保护局)建立的国家排放清单 NEI[1] 、欧盟环境保 护署建立的欧洲

25 国排放清单等[2~4] . 我国自

20 世纪90 年代后期开始排放源清单的研究?主要集中在 温室气体[5~6] 、SO2 [7~8] 、NOx [9~10] 和VOCs[11~14] 的排放 清单?人为源颗粒物方面主要研究了黑炭[15] 的排放 清单?而关于人为源 PM2?

5 的排放清单起步较晚. 人 为一次 PM2?

5 排放源主要包括固定燃烧源、工艺过程 源和移动源等. ........