PDF《Mapping炉he燣andscapes? ?》

? Whyte,? 1992;

? Zhang,? 1992;

? Chan,? 1993;

? Howell,? 1994;

? National? Committee? on? U.S.\China?Relations,?1994;

?Wang,?Sun,?and?Zhe,?1993;

? White,? 1993;

? Chen,? 1994;

? Pearson,? 1994;

? Perry,? 1994;

? Shue,? 1994;

? Wang,? 1994;

? Wasserstrom? and? Liu,? 1994;

? Unger?and?Chan,?1995;

?Zhang,?1995a,?1995b)?or?based? upon?data?collected?before?the?mid\1990s?(Unger,?1996;

? White,?Howell,?and?Shang,?1996;

?Frolic,?1997;

?Pei,?1998).? As?snapshots?of?particular?times?and?places,?they?are?of? course? valuable.? But? China? is? a? country? where? the? situation?changes?so?fast?that?updates?are?needed?almost? before?the?ink?is?dry ?(Young,?2000:?5).?It?is?necessary?to? provide?up\to\date?information?on?the?rapidly?changing? associational?landscapes?in?China.? ? ? This?paper?intends?to?provide?a?quantitative?assessment?of? the? density? and? diversity? of? associational? life? in? China.? In\ formed?by?another?prevailing?concept?in?social?sciences?in?the? last?decade?or?so?\\? social?capital, ?the?key?question?here?is?not? whether?associations?are?autonomous?from?state?control,?but?to? what? extent? people? are? associated? with? one? another? in? some? structured?forms.?The?concept?of? social?capital ?refers?to? re\ sources? embedded? in? social? networks? accessed? and? used? by? actors?for?action ?(Lin,?2001:?25).?Associational?activity?is?a?cor\ nerstone? of? the? theory? of? social? capital.? Various? associations,? formal? or? informal,? constitute? durable? networks? of? interper\ Associational?Revolution?in?China:?Mapping?the?Landscapes? ? 7? sonal?relationships?that?provide?their?members?with?such?capi\ tal.?For?this?reason,?the?degree?of?associational?life?can?be?used? as?a?surrogate?measure?of?social?capital?(Bourdieu,?1986:?248;

? Coleman,?1990:?302\304;

?Putnam,?1993:?173\176).? Social?capital?is?not?only?individual?goods?but?also?collec\ tive?goods?(Lin,?2001:?26).?In?addition?to?enabling?individuals?to? gain?access?to?i........