PDF《2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试逐题解析 英语》

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1 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试逐题解析 英语第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分

40 分)

第一节(共15 小题;

每小题

2 分,满分

30 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A,B,C 和D四个选项中,选出最 佳选项.

A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:

3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability C and the cherry blossoms C disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:

3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:

3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:

3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. 北京新东方优能中学&

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2 Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 【答案】A 【解析】题目问题为以下哪个需要预先预定【book in advance】 ,在文 章第一个小标题,最后一句话出现 reserve your spot before availability, 此处 reserve 作为动词表示预定,保留,与【book in advance】产生同 义替换.故需要提前预定的为 Cherry Blossom Bike in Washington, D.C.,答案为 A. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干 Capital City Bike Tour 定位到第三个小标题,在本 段的三行提到 entertain you with the most interesting stories, entertain 指的是使愉快,高兴之意,可与 D 选项的 enjoy interesting stories 产 生同意替换,故此题选 D. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 【答案】D 【解析】题目问到 at night provide,根据关键词 bicycle tour 可以定位 到最后一个小标题 at Night Bicycle Tour, 在此段最后写道 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. Be equipped with 与provide 产生同意替换,故此处选 D. 北京新东方优能中学&

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3 B Good Morning Britain'

s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role C showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ?5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she'

s been able to put a lot of what she'

s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay ?5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we'

re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV'

s Save Money: Good health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight'

s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family'

s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid ? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 【答案】B 【解析】由第一段 But she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget 可知 Susanna 最近的角色是给家庭介绍如何用更少 的预算准备美味而营养的菜肴,这是她开展的一个新的节目. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna ? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. 北京新东方优能中学&

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4 C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 【答案】C 【解析】 由题干人名 Matt Tebbutt 定位到第二段: with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste 可知 Matt Tebbutt 给Susanna 提供了在烹饪方面的帮助,与选项 C 中assist her in cooking matters 对应. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the reader. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic discussion. 【答案】C 【解析】考察作者的段落写作目的.本段主要介绍 Save Money :Good foods 是对之前的节目 Save Money:Good health 的承接.前三段主 要介绍的是此节目开展的细节信息, 而本段主要是对节目的背景信息进 行补充. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 【答案】D 【解析】 由首段末尾处 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget 可知本文主要讲述的是 Susanna Reid 在自己的新节目中给观众朋友介绍如何用更少的预算准备营养而 美味的菜肴.所以与 D 选项 Cooking Well for Less 对应. 北京新东方优能中学&

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5 C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers, Europe has only around

200 languages;

the Americas about 1,000;

Africa 2,400;

and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world'

s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over

400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 【答案】B 【解析】文章的第一段的最后一句 when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. 可知,正确答案为 B 项.A 项,原文未提及发展速度,排除;

C 项,原 北京新东方优能中学&

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6 文中为 developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other 可知 similar 的表述为错误的,排除 C 项;

D 项,原文中说各族 间的语言是独立的,因此排除 D 项. 29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2? A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 【答案】C 【解析】根据文章的第二段的最后一句可知,上述各种行为造成了一些 语言消失,占有优势的英语,西班牙语和汉语逐渐接替.A 项为 复杂 的,合成的 ;

B 项为 先进的,高级的 ;

C 项为 强大的,强有力的 ;

D 项为 现代的 .因此答案为 C 项. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第三段的最后一句可知,使用一门语言人数的中位数 为6000,世界约一半的语言是低于

6000 人在使用,第三段的第一句 话可知,世界目前约

6800 种语言,因此答案选择 B 项. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. People'

s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【答案】C 【解析】本文重点在讲语言的消失,以及消失的原因即人类的发展.A 项新的语言将会创造出来,在文章中未提及;

B 项,人类的生活方式同 样不是文章的主旨;

D 项,文章并未提及地理决定了语言的演变. 北京新东方优能中学&

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7 D We may think we'

re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That'

s bad news for the environment C and our wallets C as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each prod........