PDF《初中毕业生升学体育考试游泳标准的优化》

第24 卷第

6 期2017 年11 月体育学刊Journal of Physical Education Vol.

24 No.6 N o v .

2 0

1 7 初中毕业生升学体育考试游泳标准的优化 李朝阳

1 ,仇亚宾

2 ,冯增俊

1 ,张新萍

222 (1.中山大学 政务学院,广东 广州 510275;

2.中山大学 体育部,广东 广州 510275) 摘要:对比分析全国游泳测试标准及实施办法,发现各地游泳测试项目不同、泳池规格不

一、男女分值差异不合理、考试标准差异大,缺乏严谨性和科学性等问题.借鉴国内外各种游泳 标准及中长跑和中国田径运动员等级标准,同时综合权衡各种因素,提出以下建议:初中毕业生 升学游泳考试距离为

100 m;

男女生满分各为

100、114 s;

男女生在长短池中的时间差为

3 s;

男 女生前后分值时间差为

5 s;

并制定残障生游泳测试标准. 关键词:学校体育;

体育考试;

游泳标准;

初中毕业生 中图分类号:G807.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)06-0113-04 A study of the optimization of swimming standards for entrance sports examinations taken by junior high school graduates LI Zhao-yang1 ,QIU Ya-bin2 ,FENG Zeng-jun1 ,ZHANG Xin-ping2 (1.School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;

2.Department of Physical Education,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China) Abstract: The authors compared and analyzed national swimming test standards and implementation methods, found the followings problems: in regions all over China, swimming test items were different, swimming pool sizes were dif- ferent, boy and girl students'

score differences were irrational, examination standard differences were great, which are lacking in preciseness and scientificity. By referring to various domestic and foreign swimming standards as well as middle and long distance runners and Chinese track and field athletes ranking standards, and by comprehensively bal- ancing various factors, the authors put forward the following suggestions: set the examination distance to 100m;

set boy and girl students'

full scores to 100s and 114s respectively;

set the difference between the times taken by boy and girl students to swim in a long course pool and in a short course pool to 3s;

for boy and girl students, set the time difference between the former score and the later score to 5s;

establish swimming test standards for disabled students. Key words: school physical education;

sports examination;

swimming standard;

junior high school graduate 收稿日期:2016-10-19 基金项目:广东省教育厅重大课题(2014JKZ001;

2015JJKGYJ029). 作者简介:李朝阳(1979-),女,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向:教育经济、体育教学.E-mail:[email protected] 近年来全国各地陆续实施了初中毕业生升学体育 考试 (简称体育中考) , 这对青少年体质发展非常重要, 而国家学生体质健康标准测试成绩的大数据也显示初 中生身体素质最好,小学生其次,高中生最差.体育 中考也越来越受到国家重视, 《中共中央国务院关于加 强青少年体育增加青少年体质的意见》中明确提出, 要 全面组织实施初中毕业升学体育考试,并逐步加 大体育成绩在学生综合素质评价和中考成绩中的份 量. [1] 然而,全国大部分地区体育中考重体能、轻技 能,体育课程教学中又实施应试体育,抹杀了学生的 体育兴趣[2-3] .近年来部分地区开始将游泳作为必考项 目替代项纳入体育中考中,这一举措不但提高了学生 对体育课的兴趣, 而且还解决了多年来青少年心肺功能 下降等问题.然而调查发现,全国各地游泳测试项目 五花八门,各有一套标准,没有科学依据,缺乏标准 化和规范化的考试要求, 严重影响考试评价的公平性. 本研究借鉴中国业余游泳标准、中国游泳运动员等级 标准、美国游泳协会制定的青少年游泳标准和加拿大 万方数据