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Govek et al., 2011;

Chen et al., 2012). Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org August

2013 | Volume

5 | Article

4 |

1 Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Sebastian Jessberger, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190,

8057 Zurich, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] ?Present address: Krishna C. Vadodaria, Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA Vadodaria and Jessberger Small Rho GTPases and adult neurogenesis MATURATION OF ADULT-BORN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS Adult hippocampal NSPCs go through distinct stages of matu- ration on their way to becoming fully mature newborn granule cells (Figure 1). It is currently assumed that radial glia-like NSPCs (type

1 cells) give rise to non-radial glia-like transit amplifying precursors (type

2 cells) that divide and generate immature neu- rons. These immature neurons grow an apical dendrite towards the molecular layer and send axonal processes to their target area, the CA3, several days after they are born (Zhao et al., 2006) (Figure 1A). During this period of maturation, newborn cells display distinct electrical properties, including gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced depolarization, contributing to their survival and functional integration into the adult hip- pocampal circuitry (Ge et al., 2006) (Figures 1B,C)........