PDF《Residential Centers in炉he?1990s》

Fish, 2011) who studied the characteris- tics of three CentralAmerican orphanages and found them to be sparse (very limited amount of furniture and toys), with specified playtimes and a limited amount of organized activities beyond routine care. While caregivers talked and listened to children, with occasional displays of warmth and affection, this occurred mainly during routine caregiving activities. At other times, caregivers'

behavior toward 2? Institutional Neglect in?Romania'

s Long-Term Residential Centers in?the?1990s…

30 children demonstrated lack of availability, responsiveness, support, and empathy. In short, children experienced very little warm, sensitive, responsive, and contingent caregiver-child interaction (Groark et?al., 2011). Alternatively, other studies found that institutional settings had better quality care when compared with family care. In Kenya, Embleton et?al. (2014) compared different models of care (i.e., institutional care, family-based care, community-? based care, and self-care) with respect to their ability to uphold children'

s rights (according to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child framework) and provide basic material needs. The authors found that children in institutional care had more of their basic material needs met (provided an adequate standard of living) in comparison to those in family-based care. In Israel'

s residential care facil- ities, children'

s quality of life was assessed (Davidson-Arad, Dekel, &

Wozner, 2004) by residents and staff from the perspective of the systemic life quality model (Shye, 1989). Even though some similarities of perception of quality of life between residents and staff were found (e.g., residents'

compatibility with the cultural expec- tations of the facility, their integrity and values, and possession of cultural roots, ability to get along with the staff and their sense of belonging, ability to organize their physical environment as they wished), this study showed that resident'

s per- ceptions of their quality of life were higher with respect to their cultural (e.g., such as writing, music, and art) and social expressiveness (e.g., social influence and sta- tus and to their having close friends), physical conditions (e.g., food, clothing, liv- ing quarters), sense of physical health, and their sense of security from physical harm. As reported by the authors (Davidson-Arad et?al., 2004), the higher evalua- tion of residents'

quality of life may be attributed to the fact that children came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and, therefore, their lives in residential care were significantly improved regarding these features. Similarly, orphanages in the Russian Federation were shown (St. PetersburgCUSA Orphanage Research Team, 2005, 2008) to have good physical environments, toys, and equipment as well as acceptable medical care, sanitation, and nutrition. However, these settings were of lesser quality than US early care and education environments. Comparing the quality of children'

s life placed in institutional settings across the globe with a different socioeconomic, politic, cultural, or religious background can be difficult because of different criteria for defining the quality of life or various methodologies for m........