PDF《涨薪之后的剥夺与排除- 富士康*工人的都市状况**》

-

93 - 《国立台湾大学建筑与城乡研究学报》 研究纪要 第21 期民国

104 年4月第 93-117 页Journal of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University Research Note, Number 21, pp.

93-117, Apr.

2015 DOI: 10.6154/JBP.2013.21.004 涨薪之后的剥夺与排除- 富士康 * 工人的都市状况 ** Exploitation and Exclusion: Foxconn Workers'

Urban Condition Following Wage Hike 夏铸九 *** 赵慧琳 **** Chu-joe Hsia &

Hui-Lin Chao 摘要几十万农民工充作底层劳动力的深圳富士康厂,既是全球最大的电子制造业工厂,也是美国苹果公司最大 海外代工厂.它的庞大规模,使得厂区建成,宛如城市生成;

工厂经营,亦形同一座城市的治理.本研究检视 富士康龙华厂区的工人都市状况,从整个 富士康市 所提供的个人消费与都市服务,分析他(她]们的劳动力社会 再生产,从中指认出资讯社会下 血汗劳工 的当代变貌. 从富士康案例,可反省地方国家(the local state]角色和其在工人住房等集体消费问题上的放任政策.农民工 没有能力进入住宅市场完成商品消费,他们不是入住宿舍,就是成为城中村的承租者.前者,工业资本成为农 民工在城市住房的垄断供应者 ;

宿舍既是劳动力再生产的有效管理工具 , 又是驯训(discipline]二代农民工的空间. 后者,城中村的超标建筑密度、公共设施不足,都让富士康劳工在社会排除下,成为断裂城市的空间碎片.富 士康工厂及周边城中村是快速形成的庞大聚落,却是没有市民的城市. 甚且,深圳地方政府为了产业转型而推进的城市规划,已诱发都市非正式部门的迈向正式化,以及工人邻 里高级化.如此富士康都市地景上阶级重组的社会趋势,正在加速深圳 世界工厂 的整体空间再结构.富士康 资方回应 血汗工厂 质疑,高调实施涨薪、内迁分流以后,农民工们反倒陷入了排除加深的更极化都市状况. 关键词:农民工、都市集体消费、劳动力的社会再生产、工人住房政策、富士康宿舍、城中村 * 富士康科技集团(Foxconn Technology Group]的简称. ** 论文修改前曾发表於劳资关系与社会和谐学术研讨会,安徽大学经济学院与学术研究主办 ,安徽黄山 ,2011 年11 月5日. *** 台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所名誉教授,[email protected],2011 年国科会研究案 深圳富士康劳工的住宅状况――驯 训空间与空间碎片 计画主持人.Hsia, Chu-joe: Professor Emeritus , Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. **** 台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所博士候选人,[email protected],本文的通讯作者.Chao, Hui-Lin: Ph.D. candidate , Department of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. 研究团从

2011 年8月27 日至

9 月06 日期间,在深圳富士康龙华厂区周围进行工人访谈及城中村空间调查,研究团成员:黄舒楣、林依陵、曾 惠君、黄映翎、余映娴、董彦希. -

94 - ABSTRACT Foxconn factory, Apple'

s essential overseas manufacturer as well as the world'

s largest one of electrical components (notably electrical connectors for computer components], more than 450,000 workers are employed at the Longhua Science &

Technology Park, in Shenzhen, sometimes referred to as Foxconn City . The peasant workers are the major labors. This research investigates the urban condition of these Foxconn workers, analyzing their social reproduction in terms of the individual consumption and urban service provided by the Foxconn City as a whole. And eventually it is identified as a contemporary mutation of sweatshop labor in the informational society. It might provide a reflexive perspective on laisser-faire policies of housing, also any other kind of collective consumption, as well the role of local state through Foxconn case study. The peasant workers are incapable to enter into the housing market for housing commodity consumption. They either live in dormitory or become a tenant of chengzhongcun (urban villages, literally: villages in city]. The former, the industrial capital is the monopoly supplier of housing of peasant workers. The dormitory is the efficient management tool for the reproduction of labor power, but also the disciplined space for the second generation of peasant labor. The latter, the heavily populated density and lack public infrastructure in chengzhongcun make Foxconn labor as the fragmented space in splintering urbanism under social exclusion. The mega settlements in a rapid development process of Foxconn factories and surrounding chengzhongcun are the cities without citizens. Evermore the Shenzhen government'