PDF《两种火蚁与黑头酸臭蚁上颚形态及其超微结构观察》

环境昆虫学报Journal of Environmental Entomology,November 2016,38 ( 6) :

1199 -

1204 ISSN 1674-

0858 doi: 10.

3969 /j. issn.

1674 - 0858. 2016. 06.

17 两种火蚁与黑头酸臭蚁上颚形态及其超微结构观察 雷妍圆

1 ,吕利华 1* ,石庆型

1 ,李世茂

1 ,何余容

2 ( 1. 广东省农科院植保所,广州 510640;

2. 华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州 510642) 摘要: 应用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren、热带火蚁 Solenopsis geminata Fabricius 和黑 头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius 的上颚类型及形态特征.头宽和上颚长度测量结果表明: 两种火蚁的头 宽和上颚大小具有连续性特征,黑头酸臭蚁工蚁仅

1 个类型,3 种蚂蚁中黑头酸臭蚁的上颚最小,其前端具

4 个锋 利切齿叶,后部有一排小而钝的臼齿叶,上颚内缘较光滑.在形态上,红火蚁的大、中、小型工蚁与热带火蚁工 蚁的上颚区别不大,表面纹理光滑,都具

4 个锋利小齿,上颚内缘也比较光滑;

热带火蚁兵蚁上颚仅

3 个小齿且较 钝,其上颚内缘凹面比两种火蚁工蚁的深且纹理粗糙,推测红火蚁工蚁不仅用于筑巢,还用于防御,而热带火蚁 兵蚁的强壮上颚可能主要用于磨碎食物,而非保卫蚁巢. 关键词: 红火蚁;

热带火蚁;

黑头酸臭蚁;

物理攻击;

上颚 中图分类号: Q964;

S433.

89 文献标识码: A 文章编号:

1674 -

0858 ( 2016)

06 -

11199 -

06 基金项目 : 十二五 国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD08B02 ) ;

广东省科技计划项目(2011B031500020 ) ;

广州市科技计划项目(2015010010232) ;

广东省农业科学院院长基金项目 ( 201426) 作者简介: 雷妍圆,女,1981 年生,博士,助理研究员 * 通讯作者 Author for correspondence,E - mail: lhlu@ gdppri. com 收稿日期 Received:

2015 -

12 - 04;

接受日期 Accepted:

2016 -

03 -

30 Morphological and ultrastructural observation of mandibles of two invasive fire ants,Solenopsis invicta Buren,Solenopsis geminata Fabricius and a native ant Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius LEI Yan- Yuan1 ;

LV Li- Hua1* ;

SHI Qing- Xing1 ;

LI Shi- Mao1 ;

HE Yu- Rong2 ( 1. Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;

2. College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,China) Abstract: Mandibular shape of two invasive fire ants,Solenopsis invicta,Solenopsis geminata and a native ant Tapinoma melanocephalum were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) . The head width and mandible size were polymorphism and widened progressively in two invasive species, while no significant difference was found in those parameters among individuals of T. melanocephalum. The T. melanocephalum has the smallest mandibles in the three types of species. It included four sharp incisor lobes,numbers of small and obtuse incisor lobes,smooth texture of ventral regions. There was no morphological difference in major,medium,minor workers of S. invicta and S. geminate mandibles. The mandibles of three sizes of workers included four sharp small teeth,with smooth texture of ventral regions. S. geminata soldier mandibles were different from workers because of blunt small teeth,relatively deep inner concave margin and rough texture of ventral regions. It was speculated that hardness mandibles of S. invicta were evolved in relation to colony founding and defending, while mandibles of S. geminata soldier were mainly related to food grinding,instead of colony defending. Key words: Solenopsis invicta;