PDF《mellifera》

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2018) 75:59C65 https://doi.

org/10.1007/s00244-018-0514-1 Short?Term Exposure to?Lambda?Cyhalothrin Negatively Affects the?Survival and?Memory?Related Characteristics of?Worker Bees Apis mellifera Chun?hua?Liao1 ?・ Xu?jiang?He1 ?・ Zi?long?Wang1 ?・ Andrew?B.?Barron2 ?・ Bo?Zhang1 ?・ Zhi?jiang?Zeng1 ?・ Xiao?bo?Wu1 ? Received:

22 August

2017 / Accepted:

30 January

2018 / Published online:

8 February

2018 ? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

2018 Abstract Pesticides are considered one of the major contemporary stressors of honey bee health. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin on lifespan, learning, and memory-related characteristics of Apis mellifera were systemati- cally examined. Short-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in worker bees reduced lifespan, affected learning and memory performance, reduced the homing ability, and influenced the expression levels of two learning and memory-related genes of A. mellifera. This research identifies the nature of the sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on bees and the level of exposure that can be harmful to bee health. This new information will assist in establishing guidelines for the safe use of lambda-cyhalothrin in the field. Honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollination is vitally important to terrestrial ecosystems and crop production. The oft-quoted statistic is that 73% of our crop species benefit from honey- bee pollinators (Klein et?al. 2007), which provide a global service worth $215 billion to food production (Goulson et?al. 2015). As bees perform this vital pollination service of food crops, however, there is a real risk that they will be exposed to agrochemicals, including pesticides. Pyrethroids continue to be an important class of insec- ticides used with a wide range of crop plants. Exposure to pyrethroids is known to have deleterious effects on honey bees. At field-relevant doses, some pyrethroids reduce queen and drone survival (Haarmann et?al. 2002), decrease sperm viability (Burley et?al. 2008), increase colony mortality (Johnson et?al. 2009, 2010), affect memory (Tan et?al. 2013), reduce learning, affect memory recall and memory extinc- tion (Taylor et?al. 1987;

Mamood and Waller 2010;

Abram- son et?al. 2004;

Desneux et?al. 2007), alter foraging, flight, and homing behaviors (Thompson 2003;

Henry et?al.?2012), and decrease sensitivity to stimuli (Stone et?al. 1997). Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid that has been regis- tered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency since

1989 and continues to be widely applied to agricul- tural plants, such as almond, apple, and cherry (Epstein et?al. 2000). Should lambda-cyhalothrin be applied to crops in flower, there is the potential for contamination of nectar and pollen. Indeed, Choudhary and Sharma (2008) have reported that the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in nectar and pol- len of sprayed flowering mustard plants were 0.86 and 1.61?ppm, respectively. Lambda-cyhalothrin also is known to exert negative effects on honeybees. The acute lethal concentration ?(LC50) of lambda-cyhalothrin is 5.97?ppm for 24-h treatments (Zhou et?al. 2014). However, little is known about the physiological and behavioral effects of lower doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on honeybees. The pur- pose of the study was to examine the effects of short-term exposure to lower concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin on honeybee survival, learning and memory, homing ability, and the gene expression of two neurotransmitter receptor genes: Glutamate receptor A (GluRA) and N-methyl-d-as- partic acid receptor