PDF《Epilogue—Beyond Pollution Control》

1046 Chapter

14 (AutoPDF V7 5/2/08 09:58) MIT (NewMaths 7x9 ) TimesM J-1799 Ashford HC1: WSL(W) 02/08/2007 AC1: WSL 05/10/2007 AC2: WSL 29/01/2008 pp. 1043C Note that current strategy agendas, even those that go beyond environmental goals, are focused on policies that (1) improve pro?t and market share by enhancing the performance of current technologies or by cutting costs, and by ?nding new sources of energy, (2) control pollution and/or make simple substitutions and changes and conserve energy and resources, or (3) ensure an adequate supply of appropriately skilled labor, and safe and healthy workplaces. See table 14.1. In the context of technological change, we would describe these strategies as reactive rather than proactive. Each usually is the responsibility of a di¤erent unit of government or a di¤erent department in the industrial ?rm, and each usually is pursued separately by di¤erent private sector stakeholders. At best, current policies a¤ecting competi- tiveness, environment, and employment are coordinated but not integrated. In contrast, sustainable agendas are those policies that are focused on (1) technolo- gical changes that alter the ways goods and services are provided, (2) the prevention Figure 14.2 The dimensions of sustainability. Epilogue―Beyond Pollution Control and Prevention: Sustainable Development

1047 (AutoPDF V7 5/2/08 09:58) MIT (NewMaths 7x9 ) TimesM J-1799 Ashford HC1: WSL(W) 02/08/2007 AC1: WSL 05/10/2007 AC2: WSL 29/01/2008 pp. 1043C of pollution and the reduction of energy and resource use through more far-reaching system changes, and (3) the encouragement of the development of novel sociotechnical systems―involving both technological and organizational elements―that enhance the many dimensions of meaningful employment through the integration, rather than the coordination, of policy design and implementation. Sustainable agendas address all important social goals simultaneously rather than in a piecemeal fashion. C. INCREMENTAL CHANGE BY INCUMBENT FIRMS IS INADEQUATE FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY The kind of innovation likely to be managed successfully by industrial corporations is relevant to the di¤erences between current and sustainable technology agendas. We argue that the needed transformations in products, processes, and systems may exceed the capacity of the dominant industries and ?rms to change easily, at least by themselves. Furthermore, industry and other sectors may not have the intellectual capacity and trained human resources to do what is necessary. This argument is centered on th........