PDF《Beyond Development》

1 Beyond Development Alternative visions from Latin America

2 Permanent Working Group on Alternatives to Development First translated edited edition: Transnational Institute / Rosa Luxemburg Foundation.

August

2013 Originally printed in Spanish '

Mas alla del desarrollo'

by Fundación Rosa Luxemburg/Abya Yala Ediciones in November 2011. Fundación Rosa Luxemburg Miravalle N24-728 y Zaldumbide (La Floresta) Quito C Ecuador email: [email protected] www.rosalux.org.ec Transnational Institute PO Box

14656 1001 LD Amsterdam e Netherlands Email: [email protected] www.tni.org Coordinators of Spanish edition: Miriam Lang y Dunia Mokrani Coordinators of English edition: Miriam Lang, Lyda Fernando, Nick Buxton Translators: Sara Shields, Rosemary Underhay Editor: Imre Sz?cs Cover/Design: Guido Jelsma Cover photograph: Lou Dematteis ISBN (paperback): 978-90-70563-24-0 August

2013 Beyond Development Alternative Visions from Latin America

3 Contents Prologue Crisis of civilisation and challenges for the left Miriam Lang Debates on development and its alternatives in Latin America. A brief heterodox guide Eduardo Gudynas Critiques and alternatives to development: a feminist perspective Margarita Aguinaga, Miriam Lang, Dunia Mokrani, Alejandra Santillana Extractivism and neoextractism: two sides of the same curse Alberto Acosta heterogeneous societies Edgardo Lander The role of the state and public policies in processes of transformation Ulrich Brand Resource extractivism and alternatives: Latin American perspectives on development Maristella Svampa Buen Vivir as a model for state and economy Raúl Prada Decolonisation and dismantling patriarchy in order to '

live well'

Elisa Vega Transitions to post-extractivism: directions, options, areas of action Eduardo Gudynas Glossary

5 15

41 61

87 105

117 145

159 165

189 4

5 Miriam Lang1 e multi-faceted crisis sweeping the world has worsened in the last few years. Financial markets have managed to weaken even the strongest economies in the industrialisedcountries. egrabbingofagriculturallandfor nancialspeculation or agrofuel production is aggravating the rise in food prices and leading us into a food crisis. e technologies used to extract oil, gas and minerals from the most remote corners of the planet are becoming more and more expensive, risky and environmentally destructive: the sea bed is being drilled at a depth of several kilometres, sands are being stripped of their small percentage of tar to produce oil, chemicals are being pumped into rocks to release natural gas, gigantic craters are being dug to extract the mere 0.1% of copper that the soil contains. ese practices are essential to maintain a speci c way of life C the idea of success and happiness proposed by the global North for the whole of humanity, whose hegemony is currently unquestionable. e consequences of this capitalist onslaught on the farthest reaches of the planet C which have hitherto remained outside the logic of endless accumulation C are being felt above all in the peripheral regions of the world. It is there that smallholder farmers pushed o their land C now destined for more pro table uses C are moving directly into poverty or destitution;

and it is there that the rise in basic food prices translates immediately into hunger. It is there, too, that global warming is causing thousands of deaths due to drought, deserti cation, oods or storms. Although this book does not address the issue speci cally, climate change invariably has grave social and economic consequences C aggravating other crises, creating new speculative markets, and thus generating an apparently interminable crisis feedback loop. From the periphery, this multi-faceted crisis has been recognised as a crisis of civilisation . Social movements in the global South are not only resisting the ongoing onslaught of accumulation by dispossession , they are also voicing the urgency of looking for fundamental alternatives to the current world system. And urgent it is, because the pace of destruction of the planet under the mantra of economic growth is speeding up, as the nancial markets demand pro ts in an increasingly short space of time. Mainstream thinking, however, fails to take into account either the planet'