PDF《Allocation of allowances.》

Allocation of allowances.

Methods and approaches 补贴分配方法 Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) Technical Workshop: Domestic Emissions Trading (ETS) 市场准备伙伴基金 技术专题研讨会:国内排放交易 Dr. Felix Chr. Matthes (孟斐) Shenzen / 深圳,

13 March

2012 ? The views and opinions presented in this paper are partly based on results from research commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Protection and Reactor Safety, the German Federal Environment Agency and the European Commission. 本文观点部分来自于根据德国联邦环境部、自然保护和反应堆安全 部、德国联邦环保署及欧洲委员会委托所进行的研究结果. ? The contents of this presentation does not necessarily reflect any official position of Germany or the European Union. 本文内容不代表德国或欧盟的任何官方意见. Disclaimer免责声明 ? Allocation: initial distribution of emission allowances分配:排放补贴 的初始分配 ? For all GHG ETS allocation emerged as the key (political) debate对于 所有温室气体排放交易系统来说,分配是一个主要(政治)争论问题 ? Allocation is a distributional issue补贴分配是一种分配性问题 ? distributional issues drive policy making processes分配性问题需要制 定政策来解决 ? the nature of distributional issues changes over time分配性问题的本 质随时间变化 ? Underlying motivations for different allocation approaches change over time这表明不同分配方法的诱因随时间变化 ? Allocation can also have an impact on the efficiency of an ETS补贴分 配还会对排放交易的效率产生影响 ? for multi-period schemes with updated allocation经过更新的多期分配 方案 ? for schemes with new entrant allocation有新伙伴加入的分配方案 ? Allocation must reflect other design features (coverage, scope, permitting etc.)补贴分配必须反映其他设计特征(覆盖范围、领域及许可 等方面) Allocation with an GHG ETS 温室气候排放国内交易额的分配 Introduction简介 ? General allocation options整体分配方案 ? free allocation自由分配 ? grandfathering (based on emissions)继承分配(根据排放量决定) ? benchmarking (based on activities)标准分配(根据减排量决定) ? auctions and sales拍卖和销售 ? (Free) allocation to …自由分配给…… ? Incumbents原有伙伴 ? new entrants新加入伙伴 ? Eligible entities for (free) allocation可参加(自由)分配的实体 ? ETS-regulated entities国内排放交易受监管的实体 ? consumers (of regulated entities)(被监管实体的)消费者 ? other entities其他实体 Allocation with an GHG ETS General design options 根据温室气体排放交易系统的整体设计方案进行分配 ? Buy-in of stakeholders (especially relevant for phase-in)(尤其是与逐步引 入相关的)相关方买进 ? Direct compensation直接补偿 ? for regulated entities给受监管实体 ? for downstream-affected entities (e.g. power consumers)给受下游影响的 实体(如电力消费者) ? Rewarding early action (seems to be a key issue for phase-in)根据早期排 放进行分配(似乎是逐渐引入这一体系的一个关键问题) ? within a grandfathering approach (special provisions needed)? 采用继承 法(可能需要制定特别法规) ? preferentially with benchmarking approaches!更适合采用标准法! ? Balance between simplicity and suitability简单性与适用性之间的平衡 ? grandfathering based on emissions is easy but creates distortions (and the need for complementary provisions)根据排放量采用继承法比较简单, 但容易造成扭曲(同时需制定补充规定) ? benchmarking requires (manageable) efforts but removes distortions and avoids the need for (some) complementary provisions采用标准法要求采 取(易实现的)行动,但可避免产生扭曲,也不必制定(一些)补充规定 Allocation with an GHG ETS Motivations for free allocation 以温室气体排放国内交易为诱因的自由分配 ? Non-distorted price signal未经扭曲的价格信号 ? direct auctioning直接拍卖 ? free allocation to non-ETS-regulated entities is an equivalent国内排放 交易不受监管的实体之间的自由分配也具有同样效果 ? Reflecting the ability for CO2 cost pass-through反映二氧化碳成本的转 嫁能力 ? windfall profits额外利润 ? compensation where appropriate进行适当补偿 ? the more upstream the less free allocation to regulated entities越处于 上游,受监管实体之间的自由分配就越少 ? regulatory framework (e.g. for energy policy)监管框架(如能源政策) ? Creating revenues创造收入 ? for the general budget用于整体预算 ? for energy &