PDF《PINACEAE》

seed cones usually pendulous or erect;

seed scales persistent at maturity. 6a. Seed cones axillary, initially erect, finally pendulous;

leaves partly densely clustered 4. Cathaya 6b. Seed cones terminal on branchlets;

leaves evenly distributed along branchlets. 7a. Seed cones erect;

pollen cones terminally clustered on branchlets;

seed and wing as long as seed scale 8. Keteleeria 7b. Seed cones usually pendulous, occasionally erect;

pollen cones solitary in leaf axils;

seed and wing shorter than seed scale. 8a. Leaves not borne on peglike projections, leaving slightly raised, elliptic scars, grooved adaxially;

bracts distinctly exserted, 3-lobed at apex 5. Pseudotsuga

1 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People'

s Republic of China.

2 Herbarium, Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Liantang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, People'

s Republic of China.

3 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom. Flora of China 4: 11C52. 1999. 8b. Leaves borne on persistent, peglike projections (pulvinus), flattened or ± rhombic in cross section;

bracts rudimentary, included. 9a. Leaves sessile, quadrangular, subflattened, or flattened in cross section;

seed cones usually more than

4 cm (sometimes less than

4 cm in Picea purpurea)2. Picea 9b. Leaves petiolate, flattened, rarely subquadrangular in cross section;

seed cones usually 1.5C3.5 cm (to ca.

6 cm in Tsuga longibracteata)6. Tsuga 1. PINUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1000. 1753. 松属 song shu Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen,with regularly whorled branches;

branchlets strongly dimorphic: long branchlets bearing scalelike leaves and spreading leaf bundles;

short branchlets bearing leaves in bundles of 2C5(C7);

winter buds large, with numerous scales. Leaves needlelike, slender or stout, straight or twisted, triangular, flabellate- triangular, or semiorbicular in cross section, stomatal lines several, on 1, 2, or all surfaces, vascular bundles

1 or 2, resin canals 2C10 or more, marginal or median, rarely internal, base enclosed by persistent or deciduous, membranous sheath. Pollen cones usually borne in spikelike clusters at base of 1st-year branchlets, sessile, cylindric or ovoid;

pollen 2-saccate. Seed cones pedunculate or subsessile, erect or pendulous, cylindric or ovoid, maturing in 2nd or 3rd year. Seed scales spirally arranged, woody, exposed apex thickened and ridged (the apophysis), with a prominent protuberance (umbo), usually terminating in a spine or prickle, persistent. Bracts minute. Seeds variable in color, shape, and size, winged or not;

wing adnate or articulated to seed. Cotyledons 3C18. Germination epigeal. 2n = 24*. About

110 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America;

39 species (seven endemic,

16 introduced) in China. 1a. Needles with basal sheath deciduous and basal scalelike leaves not decurrent, cross section with

1 vascular bundle;

umbo terminal or dorsal. 2a. Umbo dorsal;

needles 3C5 per bundle. 3a. Needles

4 or

5 per bundle;

bark dark brown, flaking 25. P. squamata 3b. Needles

3 per bundle;

bark white, irregularly flaking. 4a. Seed cones 12C20 cm;

seeds cylindric, ca. 2.5 cm 26. P. gerardiana 4b. Seed cones 5C7 cm;

seeds ovoid, ca.

1 cm 27. P. bungeana 2b. Umbo terminal;

needles (2C)5 per bundle. 5a. Seeds wingless or only shortly winged. 6a. Seed cones dehiscent at maturity;

branchlets glabrous. 7a. Seeds wingless or ridged along abaxial margin;