PDF《生草覆盖对高温强光下苹果叶片光合特性的影响》

Vol.

31 No.4 Dec.

2013 第31 卷第4期2013 年12 月经济林研究Nonwood Forest Research 收稿日期:2013-05-03 基金项目:国家苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);

国家自然科学基金项目(31171917). 作者简介:李芳东(1980―),男,山东济南人.博士,主要从事果树栽培与生理生态研究.E-mail:[email protected]. 通讯作者:吕德国(1967―),男,山东莱芜人.教授,博士生导师,主要从事果树栽培与生理生态研究.E-mail:[email protected]. 生草覆盖对高温强光下苹果叶片光合特性的影响 李芳东 1,2 , 吕德国 1,2 , 杜国栋 1,2 , 秦嗣军 1,2 , 马怀宇 1,2 , 刘国成 1,2 (1. 沈阳农业大学 园艺学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;

2. 沈阳市北方果树栽培与生理生态重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866) 摘要:为了揭示高温强光下苹果叶片对不同土壤管理制度的响应机制,以生草覆盖和清耕(对照)条件下的

5 年生苹果园为试材,采用气体交换和叶绿素荧光动力学技术,研究了生草覆盖对高温强光下苹果叶片光合和 荧光参数的影响.结果表明,与清耕相比,高温强光下生草覆盖处理叶片 J 相相对可变荧光(Vj)显著下降, PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率 (Fv/Fm) 显著升高;

单位反应中心吸收的光能 (ABS/RC) 和耗散的能量 (DIo/RC) 显著降低, 用于电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)和捕获的激子将电子传递到还原型原初醌受体下游的其它电子受体的概率(ψo) 明显升高,提高了 PS Ⅱ性能指数(PIabs),引起向 PS Ⅰ传递电子的能力增强,从而提高了 PS Ⅰ的活性(ΔI), 显著提高了最大净光合速率(Pm).研究表明,高温强光下生草覆盖处理的苹果叶片通过调控能量分配,使光 合电子传递流畅,从而维持了较高的光合效率. 关键词:生草覆盖;

高温强光;

叶绿素荧光;

能量流动;

光系统功能 中图分类号:S661.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003―8981(2013)04―0067―06 Effects of grass coverage on photosynthetic characteristics of apple leaves under high-temperature and high-light conditions LI Fang-dong1,2 , Lü De-guo1,2 , DU Guo-dong1,2 , QIN Si-jun1,2 , MA Huai-yu1,2 , LIU Guo-cheng1,2 (1. College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China;

2. Key Laboratory for Northern Fruit Trees Cultivation and Physiology Ecology of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China) Abstract: In order to reveal responding mechanism of apple leaves under high-temperature and high-light conditions to different soil manage systems, taking five-year apple trees covered by grass as research object and baring earth as CK, effects of grass coverage on photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of apple leaves under high-temperature and high-light conditions, by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics technology. The results show that compared with apple leaves in bare earth under high-temperature and high-light conditions, the relative variable fluorescence at J phase (Vj) of apple leaves in grass covered land is significantly decreased, the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) is significantly increased, the electron transport energy per reaction center (ETo/RC), and the efficiency (ψo) with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than QA- are significantly increased. However, the energy fluxes (per reaction centre) for absorption (ABS/RC) and dissipation (DIo/ RC) are significantly decreased. The significant increase of performance index (PIabs) leads to enhance electron transport ability of photosystem (PS) I and improve the activity of PS I (ΔI), so the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pm) is significantly increased. The results suggest that grass coverage is able to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency of apple leaves under high-temperature and high-light conditions, due to the smooth of electron transfer by regulating the specific energy flow. Key words: grass coverage;