PDF《能源效率》

2 通过 对在特定阶段不同数据中心电源结构能源效率和功率损失 的比较,说明了提高 POL 功效的重要性. 为了降低转换率并由此增加 POL 的功效,必须降低 POL 输入总线的电压.除了从 12V 至5V 降低各步骤中输 入总线电压以外,图1说明在没有发生其它变化的情况下, POL 功效有了极大的提高. 通过采用具有低电压等级的硅芯片开关可进一步提 高转换器的功效.在类似的成本费用下,使用较低等级的 装置甚至可提供高于表

1 中给出的功效.这是因为每个硅 芯片面积的价格较低或换言之,每个硅芯片面积的漏极 - 源极电阻 (Rdson) 较小.同样,根据不同的应用需求,在 高功效不是问题的关键所在,但与 12V 输入总线比较,仍 然需要显著地提高效率的情况下,客户可以选择节省硅芯 片的成本. 鉴于降低如 CPU、GPU、ASIC 和存储器等现代数字 式集成电路的输入电源电压的行业发展趋势,降低高效 POL 转换器的 POL 输入电压已经势在必行.对于今天的 各种工业应用情况来讲,5V 直流电 POL 输入总线电压似 乎是用于服务器系统的最佳选择.这种低输入电压大大降 低了电压的转换率,提高了电源的功率.此外,在现今的 市场上,很容易买到 5V 额定功率的元器件.图1中给出 的5V 直流电至 1.2V 直流电背板转换器 96% 的峰值效率已 经过采用 30V 额定值硅芯片开关予以了证明并可通过使用 12V 额定装置得到了进一步的提高. 图3:600W 效率验证 演示框图. 1200W AC GENERATOR 600W BLADE 600W Demo Block Diagram 50V AC DISTRIBUTION 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 380V DC Input 5VDC 1.2VDC 50VAC 100kHz 5VDC 380VDC 50VAC 100kHz FPGA FPGA FPGA FPGA 1200W AC GENERATOR 600W BLADE 600W Demo Block Diagram 50V AC DISTRIBUTION 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 100A VRM 100A VRM 200W SR 100A LOAD 100A LOAD 380V DC Input 5VDC 1.2VDC 50VAC 100kHz 5VDC 380VDC 50VAC 100kHz FPGA FPGA FPGA FPGA 图2:传统的 12V 直流电配电结构与新建议的高频交流电配 电结构. 12V DC Distribution architecture 80% efficiency from PSU to POL 80% 80% efficiency efficiency from PSU to POL from PSU to POL 92% 97% 90% 12V DC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH 80% efficiency from PSU to POL 80% 80% efficiency efficiency from PSU to POL from PSU to POL 92% 97% 90% 12V DC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH 80% efficiency from PSU to POL 80% 80% efficiency efficiency from PSU to POL from PSU to POL 92% 97% 90% 12V DC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH 12V DC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL INRUSH POL POL POL POL POL POL POL POL INRUSH AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #1 PFC OR GEN SR PFC OR GEN SR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR AC/DC supply #N PFC OR GEN SR PFC OR GEN SR GEN SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH BLADE #K POL POL POL POL INRUSH POL POL POL POL POL POL POL POL INRUSH 94.5% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL 90% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL efficiency from PSU to POL 96.5% 99% BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR High Frequency AC Distribution architecture 94.5% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL 90% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL efficiency from PSU to POL 96.5% 99% BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR 94.5% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL 90% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL efficiency from PSU to POL 96.5% 99% BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR 90% efficiency from PSU to POL 90% 90% efficiency from PSU to POL efficiency from PSU to POL 96.5% 99% BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR 96.5% 99% 96.5% 99% BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR BLADE #K POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN SR SR SR POL POL POL POL POL POL POL POL AC supply #N PFC GEN AC supply #N PFC GEN PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR AC DISTRIBUTION BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR BLADE #1 POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN SR SR SR POL POL POL POL POL POL POL POL AC supply #1 PFC GEN AC supply #1 PFC GEN PFC GEN SR SR SR High Frequency AC Distribution architecture 图1:在不同的输入电压下,POL 反向转换器的功效.