PDF《John W. Buza1》

2005 World Heavy Oil & Bitumen Resources Source: Schlumberger Middle East No.

4 in World ~

80 Bm3 (500 Bbbls) ? Chevron

2005 U.S. Geological Survey Heavy Oil Distribution Meyer, R.F., Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P.A., 2007, Heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in geological basins of the world: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1084, available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1084/. ? Chevron

2005 Middle East - Heavy Oil Carbonate Reservoirs Issaran Wafra Umm Gudair Paydar Qarn Alam Bakr-Amer Bati Raman, Ikiztepe, Camurlu Legend (all demonstrated cold with exception of Burgan) Cold EOR Production EOR Screening Fractured Non-Fractured Karatchok Jebissa Raman CO2 Steam Steam Steam Zaqeh Ferdows Kuh-E Mond ? Chevron

2005 0

5 10

15 20

25 30

35 Billions of Barrels Middle East Heavy Oil Carbonate STOOIP Total STOOIP =

130 BBO Documented in Technical Literature N=4 N=12 ? Chevron

2005 Middle East Daily Carbonate HO Production 125-150 TBD Wafra,

86 Bakr-Amer,

15 Karatchok,

19 Jebissa,

7 Isarran,

6 Raman,

5 Bati Raman,

10 Qarn Alam,

2 ? Chevron

2005 Age of Middle East HO Carbonate Reservoirs Aptian-Miocene ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Carbonate Rock Types Dolo-Limestone 15% Dolomite 23% Limestone 62% ? Chevron

2005 Outcrop Analog Low Matrix Poro-Perm Carbonate Rock Fractures ? Chevron

2005 Oil-Filled Fractures vs. Cement-Filled Fractures Cement-filled fractures Oil-filled fractures ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Pay Depths

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 I s s a r a n B a k r - A m e r Z a q u e h K u h - E M o n d B a t i R a m a n C a m u r l u I k i z t e p e Q a r n A l a m W a f r a U m m G u d a i r Depth, ft. Overburden HO Zone Approx. Depth Limit for Steam ? Chevron

2005 1

10 100

1000 0

10 20

30 40 Porosity (%) Permeability (md) Non-Fractured Fractured Issaran Middle East HO Carbonates Matrix Porosity vs. Permeability Wafra Wafra Umm Gudair Non-Fractured Fractured Karatchok Jebissa Issaran Qarn Alam Bati Raman ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Gravity & Viscosity

1 10

100 1,000 10,000

5 10

15 20 API Gravity, Deg., mid-points Viscosity, cP Sustainable Cold production possible Qarn Alam (Steam) Bati Raman (CO2) Issaran (Steam) Ferdows ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Water Saturation

0 10

20 30

40 50

60 I s s a r a n K a r a t c h o k J e b i s s a Z a q e h B a k r - A m e r Q a r n A l a m W a f r a R a m a n B a t i R a m a n Water Saturation (%) Oil-wet reservoir ? Chevron

2005 0

5 10

15 20

25 30

35 40 I s s a r a n K a r a t c h o k J e b i s s a Z a q e h B a k r - A m e r Q a r n A l a m W a f r a R a m a n B a t i R a m a n M E O v e r a l l Recovery Factor (%) cP <

300 cP >

300 Middle East HO Recovery Factor Favorable Perm 6.5% Steam CO2 Viscosity Steam Steam ? Chevron

2005 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

1962 1968

1974 1980

1986 1992 BOPD Bati Raman Production Water Injec. CO2 ? Chevron

2005 Issaran Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt Source: Rally Energy website Cold Production Cyclic Steam Stimulation ? Chevron

2005 Issaran Field, Egypt

50 Mmbtu/hr Steamer Source: Rally Energy website ? Chevron

2005 Issaran Production

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

2002 2003

2004 2005

2006 2007

2008 BOPD Source: Rally Energy website Steam ? Chevron

2005 Qarn Alam, Oman, TAGOGD Process (thermally assisted gas-oil-gravity drainage) Pilot confirmed: ? No significant dissolution of matrix or caprock ? Matrix heated adequately to liberate oil to fractures from Penney, R.;