PDF《John W. Buza1》

Moosa, R.;

et al,

2005 ? Chevron

2005 0

10 20

30 40

1975 1976

1977 1978

1979 1980

1982 1983

1985 1986

1989 1991

1992 1993

1994 1995

1996 1997

1998 1999

2000 2001

2002 2003

2004 2005

2006 2007

2008 2009

2010 2011

2012 2013

2014 2015

2016 2017

2018 2019

2020 2021

2022 2023

2024 2025

2026 2027

2028 2029

2030 2031

2032 2033

2034 2035

2036 2037

2038 2039

2040 Total Production ('000 boe/d) Year Qarn Alam Oil Production Profile Source: Wood Mackenzie Steam Historical Projected

1975 1990

2000 2010

2020 2030

2040 40

30 20

10 0 TBD ? Chevron

2005 24 Objectives ? Generation of steam from produced water ? Injectivity of steam in carbonate reservoir over long duration Evaluating Steamflood Potential Objectives ? Determine Field Wide EOR expansion potential ? Production response ? Recovery ? Overall efficiency Observation well Observation well Wafra Radhuma Objectives and Scope Steam Flood Pilots Small Scale Test (1.25 ac, 2006) Large Scale Pilot (40 ac, 2009, 16-2.5 ac inverted

5 spots) ? Chevron

2005 Small Scale Test

25 Injection Well Observation Well ? Chevron

2005 26 Large Scale Pilot Steamflood Project

40 Acre Well Pad ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Carbonate Reservoirs Production Processes and EOR Evaluations Production Process Bati Raman Camurlu Ikiztepe Qarn Alam Issaran Bakr- Amer Zaqeh Kuh-E Mond Wafra Umm Gudair Karatchok Jebissa Turkey Oman Egypt Iran Saudi + Kuwait Syria Primary (Cold) X X X X X X X X X X X X Thermal Steam CSS X X Flood X Pilot SAGD X TA GOGD

2008 X Combustion Fire Flooding X Non-Thermal Water flooding X X HOT CO2 Injection X X Chemical Injection VAPEX X Demonstrated Operational Now Tested, Suspended X Screen Result Legend ? Chevron

2005 Middle East HO Carbonate Reservoirs Conclusions Resource base estimates appear overly optimistic ?

130 BBO documented vs. 500-971 BBO estimated STOOIP ? No demonstrated supergiants in inventory ? Wafra and Ferdows have supergiant potential Production of 125-200 TBD for foreseeable future (0.5%) ? Could reach ~1MMBO if Wafra and Ferdows successful (3%) Rock Fabric is a key element -

2 types dominate ? Fractures needed in low matrix perm, extra heavy oil reservoirs ? Good poro-perm overcomes need for fracture network (Wafra) Viscosity is major control on ultimate recovery Thermal and CO2 methods successful and in use today