PDF《electrical, and chemical》

Draft -4_30_2010 ALBETAC Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr.

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1 第二单元:能量 Unit 2: Energy 主要观念: 2.1 观察,辨认,和形容不同形式的能量: 声音,机械,热力,电,和化学. 2.2 辨认能量转变的凭证和人类如何利用这 些能量的转变:热到光,化学到电,电到声 音,等等. 2.3 观察并形容热力如何被传导,并可以从 一个地方传递到另一个地方. 2.4 观察并形容热力可以被释放出来的不同 方法:燃烧,摩擦,或把一种物质和另外一 种物质混合. 2.5 物质和能量的互动,例如,电让灯泡发 亮,深色吸收光能,等等. 2.6 声能:高低音(频率),震动,音量, 声音如何穿越固体,液体,气体,和噪音污 染. Key Ideas: 2.1 Observe, identify, and describe a variety of forms of energy: sound, mechanical, heat, electrical, and chemical 2.2 Identify the evidence for energy transformations and how humans use these energy transformations: heat to light, chemical to electrical, electrical to sound, etc. 2.3 Observe and describe how heat is conducted and can be transferred from one place to another. 2.4 Observe and describe different ways in which heat can be released: burning, rubbing (friction), or combining one substance with another. 2.5 Interactions of matter and energy (e.g., electricity lighting a bulb, dark colors absorbing light, etc.) 2.6 Sound energy: pitch (frequency), vibrations, volume, how sound travels through solids, liquids, gases, and noise pollution. 单元大纲 Unit Overview 我们无法经常的看到能量,但是我们知道它就在 那里.一锅水在炉头上滚沸.在锅子里煎蛋.烹 饪需要很多的能量.四处移动也是需要很多的能 量.例如飞机利用能量在城市中穿梭.小鸟需要 能量在空中飞翔. 任何时候东西变暖,变冷,或移动,能量即是从 一种形态转变到另一种形态.经常的我们可以看 到或感觉到能量释放造成的效果.例如,我们由 食物中得到能量.这个能量让我们存活并提供我 们做所有事情的力量.储存在食物里的能量在我 We can'

t always see energy, but we know it'

s there. A pot of water boils on the stove. An egg fries in a pan. Cooking takes a lot of energy. So does moving around. Jet airplanes speeding between cities use energy. So do birds soaring through the sky. Anytime something gets warmer, gets cooler, or moves, energy is being changed from one form to another. Often we can see or feel the effects of released energy. For example, our bodies get energy from food. This energy keeps us alive and provides power for all we do. The energy Draft -4_30_2010 ALBETAC Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr.

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2 们体内释放出来.汽车用的汽油也是有储存的能 量. 燃烧汽油释放出能量,这个能量让汽车移 动. stored in the food is released in our bodies. The gasoline used in a car also has stored energy. Burning the fuel releases the energy and the energy makes car move. Draft -4_30_2010 ALBETAC Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr.

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3 第二单元:能量 Unit 2: Energy 关键问题: 有哪些方法能量可以从一种形态转变到另一种形 态? Essential Question: What are some ways that energy can be changed from one form to another? 2.1 主要观念 观察,辨认,和形容不同形式的能量:声音,机械,热力,电,和化学. Key Idea 2.1: Observe, identify, and describe a variety of forms of energy: sound, mechanical, heat, electrical, and chemical 科学用语: 1. 功2. 能量 3. 实质,实体 4. 热5. 化学 6. 物质 7. 震动 8. 电路 Scientific Terms: 1. work 2. energy 3. matter 4. heat 5. chemical 6. substance 7. vibrate 8. circuit 内容: 如果你没有能量,你无法移动.以科学角度来 看,能量是一种做功的能力,这个功是当一些物 体移动时发生的.相对而言,如果你在读一本 书,你没有做任何的功.如果你在跑步,你在做 功.能量也会移动.热能从热的东西移动到冷的 东西. 当你握著一杯热可可,热能从杯子移动 到你的手.所以,当能量移动,功就完成. 能量存在於不同的形态里.热能是提高实体温度 的能量.化学能是储存在物质里的能量,例如食 物,汽油,木头,或一根火柴的头. 光能是从 物体释放出来的能量,例如太阳或一个灯泡.声 能是因物体震动,造成空气的移动而产生的能 量. 机械能和实体的移动有关.如果一粒弹珠打到另 一粒弹珠,机械能让第二粒弹珠移动. 电能让家电用品运作,例如收音机或灯泡.电能 在一个密闭式电路里流动.电能如果从一个电源 离开,例如一个变电所, 它完成工作以后必须 回到它的电源.例如,如果它从一个电源出来到 达一个灯泡,点亮灯泡之后,它必须回到它的电 源.不然,它无法点亮灯泡. Content: If you do not have energy, you would not be able to move. In science, energy is the ability to do work and work only happens when something moves. In other words, if you were reading a book, you would not be doing any work. If you were running, you would be doing work. Energy moves too. Heat energy moves from hot things to cold things. When you hold a cup of hot cocoa, the heat moves from the cup to your hands. So, when energy moves, work is being done too. Energy exists in several forms. Heat is the energy that raises the temperature of matter. Chemical energy is the energy stored in substances such as food, gasoline, wood, or the tip of a match. Light energy moves out from objects such as the Sun or a light bulb. Sound is energy created when objects vibrate, causing movement in the air. Mechanical energy is involved with moving matter. If a rolling marble strikes another, mechanical energy makes the second marble move. Electric energy powers appliances such as a radio or light bulb. It travels in a closed circuit. Electric energy that leaves a source, such as an electric plant, must come back to its source after doing work. For example, if it comes from a source and goes to a light bulb, it must go back Draft -4_30_2010 ALBETAC Science Bilingual Study Notes Gr.