PDF《以废铅酸电池铅膏制备超细氧化铅粉末》

第20 卷第

1 期 中国有色金属学报

2010 年1月Vol.

20 No.1 The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Jan.

2010 文章编号:1004-0609(2010)01-0132-05 以废铅酸电池铅膏制备超细氧化铅粉末 朱新锋,刘万超,杨海玉,李磊,杨家宽 (华中科技大学 环境科学与工程学院,武汉 430074) 摘要:以柠檬酸为主要浸出剂,在室温下合成柠檬酸铅前躯体,将其低温焙烧生成超细 PbO/Pb 粉末.结果表 明:废旧铅蓄电池铅膏的主要成分 PbO

2、PbO 和PbSO4 都能生成柠檬酸铅,铅回收率均在 98%以上;

由PbO 与PbO2 生成的前躯体与标准柠檬酸铅晶型基本相同,结构呈堆积条状,粒径为 20~30 μm,而由 PbSO4 得到的前躯 体可能含较多结晶水,与标准柠檬酸铅晶型有较大区别,呈鳞片状结构,粒径为 1~10 μm;

3 种前躯体都能在低 温焙烧下得到超细 PbO/Pb 粉末,粒径为 200~500 nm;

采用柠檬酸湿法浸取铅膏直接制备电池生产用超细 PbO 粉 体的新工艺,为废旧铅酸电池的回收技术提供了一种新的思路. 关键词:废铅酸电池;

湿法冶金;

柠檬酸;

超细 PbO/Pb 粉末 中图分类号:TF812 文献标识码:A Preparation of ultrafine PbO powders from lead paste in spent lead acid battery ZHU Xin-feng, LIU Wan-chao, YANG Hai-yu, LI Lei, YANG Jia-kuan (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China) Abstract: The lead citrate precursors were prepared at room temperature with citric acid as the main leaching agent combined with other additives such as sodium citrate and H2O2. The ultrafine lead oxide powder was prepared from the precursors at low temperatures. The results show that the lead pastes can be leached, and crystallized lead citrate precursors are obtained. The rate of conversion of lead is above 98%. The crystalline structures of the lead citrate precursors from lead oxide and lead dioxide match well with the standard citric lead, and the size of the precursors are 20?30 μm. However, there is difference between the structures of the lead citrate precursors from PbSO4 and the standard citric acid-lead crystal, which can be caused by the more crystal water in the structure of the lead citrate precursors from PbSO4. The precursors are columnar structures with size of 1?10 μm. The ultra-fine PbO/Pb powders, with the size of 200?500 nm, are prepared from three lead citrate precursors at low temperatures. The study indicates a feasible method to prepare ultrafine lead oxide powder from spent lead battery. Key words: spent lead acid battery;

hydrometallurgical process;

citric acid;

ultra-fine PbO/Pb powder 铅酸蓄电池是世界上各类电池中产量最大、用途 最广的一种电池,它所消耗的铅占全球总耗铅量的 82%.铅酸蓄电池产量越大,报废更新的铅酸蓄电池 就越多. 从环保的角度来看, 铅酸蓄电池也是对环境、 人类健康危害最大的一种电池.整个废铅酸蓄电池通 常由4部分组成(质量分数)[1] :废电解液11%~30%、铅 或铅合金板栅24%~30%、铅膏30%~40%、有机物 22%~30%.铅膏主要是极板上活性物质经过充放电使 用后形成的浆状物质, 如PbSO

4、 PbO

2、 PbO、 Pb等[2] . 由于铅膏中含有大量的硫酸盐,而且存在不同价态的 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50804017);

华中科技大学自主创新研究基金资助项目(S20097008J) 收稿日期:2009-03-23;

修订日期:2009-10-08 通信作者:杨家宽,教授,博士;