PDF《高回收率膜法苦咸水淡化工艺的应用研究进展》

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2015 年第78 卷w2015003 高回收率膜法苦咸水淡化工艺的应用研究进展 宋跃飞

1 苏现伐

1 周建国

1 苏保卫

2 高从 2# (1 河南师范大学环境学院 黄淮水环境与污染防治省部共建教育部重点实验室 新乡 453007;

2 中国海洋大学化学化工学院 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室 青岛 266100) 摘要膜法苦咸水淡化过程中,符合环境保护要求的浓排水处理方法成本高昂,所以只有当回收率达 到较高值时,在实际运行中才具有经济可行性.目前,在不加剧膜污染的条件下进一步提高苦咸水淡化系统回 收率的方法已成为该领域研究热点.本文详细综述了高回收率膜法苦咸水淡化工艺的应用研究进展,包括基于 反渗透、纳滤、正渗透、膜蒸馏、电渗析和电容去离子化淡化工艺过程,以及这些过程面临的热点问题,并对 此提出了建议. 关键词 苦咸水淡化 高回收率 反渗透 纳滤 浓盐水外排 Progress in Investigation and Application of High Recovery Brackish Water Membrane Desalination Technology Song Yuefei

1 , Su Xianfa

1 , Zhou Jianguo

1 , Su Baowei

2 , Gao Congjie 2# (1 Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River, Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education,School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007;

2 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100) Abstract The costs of environmentally responsible brine disposal methods at inland sites can be prohibitively expensive in membrane brackish water desalination processes. As a result, it is often economically infeasible to develop such ground water sources unless very high product water recovery is attained. High product water recovery in membrane desalination processes is often limited by scaling of sparingly soluble salts when the concentrate above the solubility limits in the highly concentrated brine. Therefore, attempt was currently made to solve or mitigate scaling of membrane for brackish water desalination while remaining or further increasing overall system product water recovery. In this paper, the progress in improving the recovery of brackish water desalination by membrane technology including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD), electrodialysis (ED) and capacitive deionization (CDI), the scaling problem therein, as well as critical issues existing in this region were presented and commented extensively. In addition, the problems and suggestions for the current research status are proposed. Keywords Brackish water desalination, High recovery, Reverse osmosis, Nanofiltration, Brine discharge 全球水平衡中,地下苦咸水含量占地下水资源量的一半以上.这类非常规水资源越来越被认为在不 久的将来是一种潜在的重要和可供替代的饮用水水源[1] .资料显示,在非常规水资源淡化饮用比例中, 海水淡化、苦咸水淡化和废水再处理分别占利用总量的 58%、22%和5%[2] .广大内陆地区,积极推进苦 宋跃飞 男,29 岁,博士,讲师,从事膜法苦咸水淡化与水污染控制;

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#中国工程院院士 教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20104104110004)资助 2014-07-25 收稿,2014-10-14 接受 进展评述 http://www.hxtb.org 化学通报