PDF《第二课》

第二课 Dì-èr kè Lesson

2 他一我百,他十我千.

Tā yī wǒ bǎi, tā shí wǒ qiān. Others

1 me 100, others

10 me 1000. Describing one'

s determination to outdo others to succeed. 2.1 Review Fántǐzì '

traditional characters'

甲乙今天很热! 很热!你吃饭了吗? 还没,我不饿,今天太忙了. 我也很忙.你累吗? 今天好了,但是昨天很累. 小李已经上班了吗? 已经上班了. 哦,上班了. 明天有课吗? 没有,你呢? 明天三十号吗?… 没有;

我呢,三十号有课,一号也 三十号 没有,一号有. 有课! 你太忙了! 我们都很忙! 2.1.1 Compound characters As noted in Unit 1, the majority of characters can be resolved into two immediate constituents which, allowing for minor modifications, can stand alone as characters in their own right. The configuration of constituents can be horizontal (很), vertical (李), or clustered (国/国guó '

country'

). The most recurrent of these constituents serve as tags for classifying characters into groups for purposes of retrieval (in dictionaries or filing systems, for example). Thus, compound characters with the component 口kǒu '

mouth;

entrance'

can be grouped together: 吃, 吗,喝,呢;

or those with 言/讠yán '

speech'

: 说/说,话/话,请/请,谁/谁. These classificatory elements are traditionally called '

radicals'

, and are named individually according to either the configuration or the general meaning of the component: thus 口kǒu '

mouth;

entrance'

on the left is called kǒuzìpáng ('

mouth-character-beside'

) in Chinese, or '

the mouth radical'

in English;

雨(yǔ '

rain'

) on the top (零) is called yǔzìtóu '

rain-character-on top'

in Chinese, or the '

rain radical'

in English. Here, for review, are some of the Unit

1 compound characters organized by radical:

1 Note: Where the combining form of the radical cannot be printed on it own, the equivalent free form C if one still exists C is given in parentheses;

if no free form is current, the parentheses enclose a blank. radical general Chinese name examples character meaning 木wood;

tree mùzìpáng 林mùzìtóu 李口mouth;

opening kǒuzìpáng 吗/吗,呢,吃日sun rìzìpáng 昨,明言/讠speech yánzìpáng 课/课女woman nǚzìpáng 她,姓 (人) man;

person rénzìpáng 他,你,们/们 (水) water sāndiǎnshuǐ 没3dots water ( ) tóngzìkuàng 周,(同) '

tong'

-character-frame (u) movement zǒuzhīpáng 还/还食/饣food shízìpáng 饿/饿,饭/饭 (心) heart shùxīnpáng 忙vertical-heart-beside isilk jiǎosīpáng 经/经twisted-silk-beside (火) sìdiǎnshuǐ 热/热four-dots-water 彳shuānglìrén 很,得(dé) double-stand-person

2 2.2 First set 是男的女第小4+5 2+5 5+3 3+0 6+5 3+0 shì nán de nǚ dì xiǎo be male '

s ~ s'

female ordinal small;

young 马陈张谁这都10+0 3+8 3+8 7+8 3+7 8+3 马陈张谁这3+0 2+5 3+4 2+8 3+4 8+2 mǎ Chén Zhāng shéi ~ shuí zhè ~ zhèi dōu surname surname surname horse who;

whom this all;

none Figure 1: 押yā '

pawn;

pledge;

mortgage'

C the sign for pawn shops.

3 Notes a) 是'

be the case'

, like 明and 昨, assigns 日'

sun'

as radical (in this case combined vertically with 疋). One [nonsense] account of the graph goes: '

the sun, over the horizon (the horizontal stroke) feeding sustenance ('