PDF《第二课》

being'

) through the vertical pipe C with a valve C to mankind (人)'

. b) The graph 女, said to originate as a drawing of a woman, appears as '

radical'

in 姓xìng '

surname'

, 她tā '

she;

her'

, and 好hǎo '

good'

. 男'

man;

male'

is a compound graph, with the elements 田tián '

field'

and 力lì '

strength'

arranged vertically (looking vaguely like a '

man working in the fields'

.) In colloquial speech, nán and nǚ appear in compounds such as nánde and nǚde, with de representing the possessive and attributive marker (ie, '

the male one'

and '

the female one'

). c) 第dì introduces the '

bamboo'

radical, which when appearing on top is called zhúzìtóu '

bamboo-character-on top'

. The radical appears in graphs associated with bamboo (eg 筷子 kuàizi '

chopsticks'

) or with properties of bamboo such as segmentation (节/节jié '

segment;

program'

) or splitting (笑xiào '

laugh'

). The '

body'

of 第contains 弓gōng '

a bow'

, which appears as the assigned radical of 张/张zhāng. d) 小xiǎo '

small'

is to be distinguished from 少shǎo '

few'

. The stroke order is dominant (the gōu-stroke), followed by left and right diǎn C as in the body of 你nǐ. e) The surnames: 马'

horse'

, originating as a drawing of the animal, is used for its sound value in 吗and 妈, but is assigned as radical in graphs used for words connected with horses, such as 驰chí '

to speed;

gallop'

or 骑qí '

to straddle;

ride'

(cf §2.6.5 below). The graph 陈/陈, also a surname, contains 东/东dōng '

east'

(use for its sound value) and a radical called '

left ear'

in Chinese: zuǒ'

ěrduō. Its right hand counterpart, seen in 都dōu, is called yòu'

ěrduō '

right ear'

and is considered a different radical (and in fact, has a different source character historically). 张/张, the last of the three surnames introduced in this set, contains 弓gōng '

a bow'

(seen in 第), and 长/长cháng '

long'

, used for its sound value. f) The right hand element of 谁, 隹(pronounced zhuī on it own), which occurs in a family of characters that includes 推tuī '

push'

(cf §2.8), should be noted as '

8 strokes'

in order to distinguish it from another commonly occurring element in compound characters, 住zhù '

live'

, with only 7. g) The element on the left of 这(sometimes printed with two dots instead of one) is a left-side version of a more complex graph, u,whose meaning is '

stopping and starting'

. As a radical, it goes under the name of zǒuzhīr, and appears in graphs such as 迎yíng '

welcome'

and 近jìn '

near'

. 言, which is given radical status when it appears on the left of the graph (or at the bottom), forms the core in this case. Notice that when it is a core element, 言does not simplify to 讠as it would if it were the radical;

instead, the graph 文wén '

language'

(see §2.3 below) is used (这), presumably because its first two strokes match those of 言.

4 h) 者zhě is the root element of a set that includes 都dōu, 煮zhǔ '

to boil'

and 堵dǔ '

to obstruct'