编辑: yn灬不离不弃灬 | 2019-07-11 |
30, No.3 保压时间对黑蒜部分营养成分和抗氧化作用的影响 钟成
1 ,徐国娟
1 ,吴晓英
1 ,郭彦平
2 ,贾士儒
1 (1.天津科技大学教育部工业发酵微生物重点实验室,天津 300457) (2.天津华泰森淼生物工程技术有限公司,天津 300384) 摘要:本文采用超高压预处理与发酵联用的方法制备了黑蒜,同时研究了保压时间对黑蒜的抗氧化作用的影响,并初步探 讨了黑蒜的营养成分与抗氧化作用之间的关系.结果表明,超高压预处理的时间对白蒜和发酵黑蒜的营养成分含量有显著的影 响.不同保压时间预处理后,白蒜和黑蒜的总糖含量有所下降,并且白蒜发酵成黑蒜后总糖含量也有所下降.而黑蒜中的总酚 和黄酮含量明显高于白蒜.保压时间为
15 min 时,黑蒜总酚含量达到最高,为13.20 mg/g,未经超高压预处理黑蒜的黄酮含量 最高,达到 5.23 mg/g.超高压预处理并发酵后,黑蒜的抗氧化能力明显高于白蒜.黑蒜的还原能力、对羟基自由基的清除能力 分别在保压时间
5 和20 min 时最高,未经超高压预处理的黑蒜对 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)的清除作用最大. 关键词:黑蒜;
保压时间;
营养成分;
抗氧化作用 文章篇号:1673-9078(2014)3-49-52 Effect of Dwell Time on Partial Nutrients and Antioxidant Capacity of Black Garlic ZHONG Cheng1 , XU Guo-juan1 , WU Xiao-ying1 , GUO Yan-ping2 , JIA Shi-ru1 (1.Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China) (2.Tianjin Huatai-Senmiao Bioengineering and Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China) Abstract: Black garlic was prepared by ultra-pressure pretreatment in combination with fermentation. It was indicated that there was significant difference in nutrient contents between white garlic and black garlic when pretreated by ultra high pressure at different dwell time. Dwell time decreased the total sugar contents of both white and black garlic, and the total sugar content of black garlic was inferior to white garlic. However, the total polyphenol content and flavonoid content in black garlic were significantly higher than those of white garlic. Total polyphenol content of black garlic reached the highest of 13.20 mg/g when treated for
15 min, while the highest flavonoid content (5.23 mg/g) was observed in unpretreated black garlic. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of black garlic was obviously improved. The maximum values of reducing power and scavenging activity against OH・ were obtained by ultra-high pressure treated for
5 and
20 min, respectively. Unpretreated black garlic showed the highest scavenging effect on DPPH. Key words: black garlic;
dwell time;
nutrients;
antioxidant capacities 大蒜是百合科葱属植物, 在亚洲是一种常见的烹 饪调味品及健康产品,它具有抗菌消炎、抗氧化、免 疫调节功能等作用[1~2] .大蒜多方面的药用价值源于 它的营养成分和生物活性成分, 如多酚、 含硫化合物、 微量元素等[3] . 在加热过程中, 大蒜中的蒜氨酸及脱氧蒜氨酸降 解产生烯丙基硫化物等含硫化合物, 使其具有淡香气
49 收稿日期:2013-10-25 基金项目:长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目(IRT1166) 作者简介:钟成(1979-) ,男,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物发酵工 程 通讯作者:贾士儒(1954-) ,男,博士,教授,研究方向:发酵工程 味.日本学者经过数十年的研究发现,大蒜在控制温 度和湿度的情况下,发生美拉德反应,大蒜鳞茎呈现 黑色,故称之为黑蒜.黑蒜口感柔软且富有弹性,酸 甜适口,没有生食鲜大蒜的辛辣味和蒜臭气味,同时 也不会对胃肠道产生不良刺激[4] . 据报道,黑蒜具有很强的抗氧化作用.在熟化过 程中,大蒜中不稳定蒜氨酸转化成 S-烯丙基-L-半胱 氨酸,使黑蒜的体外抗氧化作用高于鲜蒜[5] .同时, 黑蒜还具有很强的自由基清除作用, 它可以降低糖尿 病并发症,大大提高人体免疫力. 超高压技术在国际上被誉为