PDF《西藏高原日光温室菜地土壤碳、氮矿化特征研究*》

中国生态农业学报

2013 年11 月第21 卷第11 期Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Nov.

2013, 21(11): 1340?1349 * 中央高校基本业务经费(lzujbky-2010-53)、 十二五 国家科技支撑课题(2012BAC01B02-3)和西藏自治区重点科研项目(2011 年)资助 ** 通讯作者: 郭瑞英(1978―), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事植物?土壤体系养分循环过程与调控.E-mail: [email protected] 马丽娜(1988―), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为土壤及草地生态学.E-mail: [email protected] 收稿日期: 2013?05?11 接受日期: 2013?07?09 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.30469 西藏高原日光温室菜地土壤碳、氮矿化特征研究* 马丽娜1 王喜明2 代万安3 潘剑玲1 陈晓鹏1 尚占环1 郭瑞英2** (1. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院 兰州 730020;

2. 兰州大学生命科学学院 兰州 730000;

3. 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 拉萨 850032) 摘要采用室内培养方法, 以西藏拉萨地区选取的草地、农田为对照, 测定并比较日光温室土壤碳、氮矿化 特征, 揭示草地和粮田转变为日光温室菜地后土壤矿化演变过程, 为西藏高原设施菜地土壤管理提供科学依 据.结果表明, 草地、农田、1 年温室、5 年温室土壤有机碳矿化速率均在培养前期(0~7 d)日均矿化量最快, 且 草地土壤显著高于农田和

5 年温室土壤(P0.05);

在培养

28 d 后, 农田土壤有机 碳矿化释放的 CO2-C 累积量高于草地, 草地高于

1 年温室和

5 年温室, 但不同类型土壤碳矿化释放的 CO2-C 累积量间差异不显著(P>

0.05).无论是草地、农田还是温室,

4 种土壤氮矿化都主要发生在培养的前期(0~3 d), 之后随着培养时间的延长, 不同利用类型土壤氮素转化以氮素的固定为主;

至培养结束时, 草地、农田、1 年 温室、5 年温室土壤无机氮含量分别为培养

0 d 的29.04%、75.94%、66.86%、65.70%, 说明草地土壤氮素矿 化能力较农田和温室强, 而温室土壤氮素矿化能力随着温室利用年限的延长而不显著升高, 农田氮矿化能力 最弱.方差分析表明, 土壤氮矿化能力因土壤类型而异但矿化过程不因土壤类型而存在差异. 关键词 高寒地区 草地 农田 温室蔬菜地 碳氮矿化 中图分类号: S151.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-3990(2013)11-1340-10 Comparative analysis of carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soils under alpine meadow, farmland and greenhouse conditions in Tibet MA Li-Na1 , WANG Xi-Ming2 , DAI Wan-An3 , PAN Jian-Ling1 , CHEN Xiao-Peng1 , SHANG Zhan-Huan1 , GUO Rui-Ying2 (1. College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;

2. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;

3. Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa 850032, China) Abstract Soil carbon and nitrogen in vegetable fields are the core elements of soil quality and environmental pollution. The decrease of soil C/N ratio of vegetable fields under greenhouse conditions causes an imbalance in soil carbon and nitrogen content. An effective way of adjusting soil carbon and nitrogen conditions in vegetable fields has been by improving soil quality and decreasing environmental pollution. Furthermore, there has been little research on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization under greenhouse conditions in the Tibetan region. After transformations of alpine meadows and farmlands into solar greenhouse vegetable fields, there was the need to study the characteristics and processes of soil mineralization. In this study therefore, carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soils of alpine grassland, farmland and greenhouse (1-year, 5-year) were analyzed in an indoor incubation experiment. The results showed that soil carbon mineralization in different soil types mainly occurred during the first seven days (0?7 d) after treatment. Soil carbon mineralization was higher under alpine grassland than in farmland and 5-year greenhouse conditions (P <