PDF《2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）》

Born to win

2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.

Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to

1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill

2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'

willingness to

4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one

5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would

6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;

another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified

7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones wou ld shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what woul d

8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,

9 the sound of fingernails o n a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to

10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for

11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it ca n

12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such

13 can backfire.The insight that cur iosity can drive you to do

14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to

15 ,howev er. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to

16 how they would feel after viewin g an unpleasant picture were less likely to

17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagi ning the

18 of following through on one'

s curiosity ahead of time can help determine

19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term

20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curi osity. Hsee says.In other words,don'

t read online comments. 1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore 2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret 3.A.rise B.last C.mislead D.hurt 4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat 5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept Born to win 6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt 7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When 8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change 9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to 10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover 11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling 12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to 13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence 14.A.self-destiuctiv e B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive 15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace 16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal 17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend 18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty 19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how 20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences 1. A 解析:句首作者提出疑问, 为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事 情呢? 随后作者给出答案, 因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求 .[A]解决[B]保护[C] 讨论[D]忽视,根据动宾搭配关系,解决不确定性搭配合理. 2. C 解析:本题考查动介词搭配.根据原文语境,需要选择一个动词和后面的 to 连用.[A] 拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求,力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意 人们要___ 满足他们的好奇 心 来判断,正选为[C]寻求,力求做. 3. D 解析:根据原文语境, painful, uncertainty 均为消极词汇. 4. C 解析: 固定搭配考查.根据原文语境,考查短语____ sb to sth 意为 让某人承受某事 . 因此,C 选项为正选. 5. B 解析: 根据上文,第二段句首提到 in a series of four experiments,说明是在 实验 的语境. 结合四个选项,[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念,只有 B 选项和段落语境相符合.因此为正 选. 6. C 解析: 动宾搭配.结合语境, 当点击的时候,一半的钢笔会____电流. 根据动宾搭配, 本题需要一个动词来搭配电流,考查四个选项,[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰 A 选项更符 合语境. 7. D 解析:时间状语的考查.结合语境, ___被独自留在房间,学生会.... ,因此,这是一个非 常明显的时间状语从句.正选为 D. Born to win 8. A 解析:动词辨析.结合原文语境,由who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生,而在定语从句 中,又出现由 what 引导的宾语从句.结合宾语从句的含义, 知道接下来会发生什么 更符 合语境. 9. B 解析:结合语境,后面语境为并列关系,因此此题应填举例子.B 为正选. 10. D 解析:Discover 与上文中的 Curiosity 相对应.

11 C 解析: 本词与后文的 Basic drives 的详细说明.与shelter 一样都属于人类的基本需求.

12 D 解析:破折号的内容是对前文 instinct 的解释.说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展,属于 因果关系. 13. B 解析:跟前文的 drives 相对应. 14. A 解析:本题与前文的 backfire 相对应,都属于贬义词. 15. A 解析:从后文的试验中,参与者应该被鼓励参与,因此跟前文的坚持相对应. 16. A 解析:通过后文的 after 能看出这个事情并没有发生,因此填预测. 17. B 解析:动宾搭配. 18:C 解析:of 引导的后置定语.由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果. 19:A 解析:whether 引导宾语从句. 20:D 解析:关联对应,对应

18 题的 outcome. Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text

1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students Born to win should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain? As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But he'

s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education have that stereotype..that it'

s for kids who can'

t make it academically, he says. On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America'

s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so. But the headlong push into bachelor'

s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That'

s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor'

s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only

44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren'

t equipped to do them.Koziatek'

s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziatek'

s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation'

s diversiy of gifts. 21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students'

lack of______. A.mechanical memorization B.academic training C.practical ability D.pioneering spirit 22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______. A.are financially disadvantaged B.are not academically successful C.have a stereotyped mind D.have no career motivation 23.We can infer from Paragraph

5 that high school graduates______. A.are entitled to more ducational privileges B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing C.used to have more job opportunities D.used to have big financial concerns 24.The headlong push into bacheloi'

s degrees for all_____. Born to win A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education 25.The author'

s attitude toward Koziatek'

s school can be described as_____. A.supportive B.disappointed C.tolerant D.cautious 21. 答案 C practical ability 这是一道细节题,根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是 什么时候这种观点变得 可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字,但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无 策 .从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点,即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具 备实际能力.再结合上一句话即本段第二句话,Mr Koziatek 是New Hampshire 高中的一名老师,在 这所学校,学习不只是书本上的知识,或者是为了考试,也不是为了机械化的记忆,而是为了实际的 技能.能看出,作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能,所以答案是 C practical ability. 22. 答案 B are not academically successful 这是一道具体细节题,根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句,意 思是 在很多职业化教育的学校中,有这样一种老套的思想,那就是,职业教育是针对那些在学术上 不能成功的那些孩子的. 根据这句话可确定答案就是 B are not academically successful .其 他选项均不符合文意. 23.答案 C used to have more job opportunities 这是一道细节推断题,根据题干第五段和 high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三 句,说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种 the job security 已经在很大程度上 evaporated 也 就是消失了,那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的,故选 C,其他选项都不在定位处,可 以排除. 24.答........