PDF《Cha》

4 Cha Home Safety 家居安全

78 家居安全 Home Safety 4.

14.1 消防安全 消防安全受制於复杂和经常更新的法定建筑 规例制度.建筑物最少应遵从本地规例,其 可能包括有关术语的特定和界定意义.以下 将推荐部分防火安全措施,不应视为法定要 求.

4 4.1 FIRE SAFETY Fire safety is subject to complex and frequently updated legislation in statutory building regulation systems. Buildings shall at least comply with local regulations. Regulations may include specific, defined meanings to related terminology. The following is an introduction to related issues and should not be taken as indicative of statutory requirements. 4.1.1 Fire Prevention Fire Safety Education and Training ? It is recommended that all residents, especially the elderly, children and people with disabilities, shall attend fire drill and fire safety briefings. Storage Safety ? It is recommended that a lockable cabinet shall be provided to store volatile chemicals. ? It is recommended that lockable cabinets shall be provided in kitchens to store matches and lighters apart, especially from volatile chemicals. Kitchen Safety ? Where provided, it is recommended that hooks for dishtowels shall be located not less than 1000mm away from stoves or cooktops. ? It is recommended that window curtains shall not be provided unless further than 1000mm away from stoves or cooktops. ? It is recommended that the functions of kitchen ventilation systems or rangehoods shall be checked to ensure mechanical function and to monitor build-up of airborne waste such as grease. Electrical Safety ? Where provided, it is recommended that electric heaters shall be installed more than 1000mm away from inflammables such as curtains. To allow heaters to be automatically switched off at night, it is recommended to installed time controllers. ? It is recommended that electrical outlets shall be located not less than 900mm away from water. ? Electrical outlets and extension cords should not be overloaded. ? Fixed electrical wiring should be concealed. ? Where exposed fixed electrical wiring already exists, it should be checked for damage regularly. ? Particularly where young children are active, it is recommended that unused socket outlets shall be capped. ? It is recommended that electrical appliances shall be unplugged and stored away from water when not in use. 电力安全 ??? 如设有电暖炉,建议应将其安装於离开?? ? ? 窗帘等易燃物品最少1000毫米的地方,? ? ? ? 并安装定时装置,在晚上自动关掉暖炉. ? ? 建议电源插座安装的位置,应离开水源?? ? ? 最少900毫米. ??? 不可超载负荷电源插座和驳线. ??? 固定的电线必须隐藏安装. ??? 要定期检查外露的固定电线. ??? 在小孩活动的地方,建议应将未使用的?? ? ? 电源插座遮盖. ? ??建议应拔除不使用的电器插头,贮藏在?? ? ? 远离水源的地方. 4.1.1 防火措施 消防安全教育和训练 ? ??? 建议全体居民,尤其长者、儿童和残障?? ? ? 人士,应该参与火警演习和消防安全讲 ? ? 座. 储物安全 ? ??? 建议应设置上锁的柜,用以贮存挥发性?? ? ? 的化学品. ? ??建议在厨房应设置上锁的柜,用以分开?? ? ? 存放火柴及打火机,尤其是不要接近挥?? ? ? 发性的化学品.? 厨房安全 ? 如厨房内设有抹布挂 ,建议应将其安?? ? ? 装於离开厨房炉具至少1000毫米的地 ? ? 方. ? ?建议窗帘应离开厨房炉具至少1000毫??米. ? ??建议应定期检查厨房通风系统或抽油烟 ? ? 机的排气功能,以确保其功能正常,清?? ? ? 理由气体所产生的废物,例如油脂. Dish towels are too close to the stove 抹布太接近炉具 The electrical outlet is too close to the sink and water tap 电源太接近洗涤盆及水龙头 The electrical wires are overloaded 电源超出负荷 X

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4 4.1.2 Fire Escape Contingency Planning It is recommended that every household shall develop a fire escape plan with full consideration for the needs of children, the elderly, the weak and people with disabilities. As part of Fire Escape Contingency Planning, it is recommended that: ? Sketches indicating floor plans of flats and floor plans of the building shall be prepared, including all rooms with relevant features such as windows, doors, steps, stairways, ladders, lifts, smoke alarms, fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and furniture layout. ? At least two escape routes shall be identified to evacuate from a building, including provisions for the weak and people with disabilities. ? Heavy furniture or potentially dangerous furniture shall be located away from escape routes. ? Smoke alarms shall be installed in flats and communal areas. ? Smoke alarms shall be checked regularly to ensure functioning and user recognition. ? To ensure warning of residents with visual and hearing impairments, smoke alarms shall be selected with vibration, strobe light or other types of audible and visual signals. ? Where windows form part of an escape plan, windows shall be checked regularly to ensure ease of opening. ? A meeting place shall be designated, away from potential danger. ? Escape plan sketches shall be posted in all rooms and communal areas. Escape routes shall be indicated in contrasting colours. ? All residents shall participate in fire drills at least twice every year. ? All residents, particularly children, the elderly and people with disabilities, shall be informed of the location and functions of refuge areas where provided. 4.1.2 疏散计划 建议每个家庭都应订定一个疏散计划,并顾 及老幼残弱的需要. 疏散规划应包涵下列各项: ??? 画出住宅单位和楼宇平面图,包括所有? ? ? 相关设施,如窗户、门户、梯级、楼??梯、梯子、升降机、烟雾警报器、灭火? ? ? 筒、灭火毡及家具的位置.? ??? 至少应设定两条逃离楼宇的疏散路线,? ? ? 包括体弱者和残障人士适用的路线. ??? 重型家具或有潜在危险的家具,应该远? ? ? 离逃生路线. ??住宅单位和共用地方必须安装烟雾警报 ? ? 器. ??? 必须定期检查烟雾警报器,确保功能正 ? ? 常,以及使用者能够辨识警报. ??烟雾警报器应安装闪光灯、震动器或其? ? ? 他形式的觉及视觉警号,确保视障及? ? ? 觉障碍的居民可以收到警报. ??? 如果窗户也为疏散设施的一部分,应定? ? ? 期检查窗户,确保能正常开启. ??在远离有潜在危险的地点设定集合处. ??所有房间和共用地方均须张贴疏散计划 ? ? 图.疏散路线应以对比色标示. ? 所有居民每年均须参加至少两次火警演 ? ? 习. ??? 应通知所有居民,包括儿童、长者和残? ? ? 障人士有关避难区(如有的话)的位置? ? ? 和作用. 4.1.3 Barrier-Free Means of Escape 4.1.3.1 Refuge Areas Where refuge areas are provided, accessibility is a priority. Refuge areas can be located in the following places: (1) Protected Lobbies Adjacent to Staircases (2) Protected Lobbies Adjacent to Fireman'

s lifts (3) Stairway Smoke-Proof Enclosures (4) Exterior Balconies Adjacent to Staircases (5) Vented Stairway Landings 4.1.3 无障碍疏散设计 4.1.3.1 避难区 如果设置避难区,首要应考虑无障碍设计. 避难区可设於下列各处: (1) 靠近楼梯的消防前室 (2) 靠近电梯的消防前室 (3) 防烟区楼梯 (4) 靠近楼梯的室外露台 (5) 有自然通风设备的楼梯平台 4.1 4.1 A protected lobby adjacent to the fireman'

s lift as a refuge area 靠近消防员升降机的前室作为避难区

1200 800 Refuge area A stairway smoke-proof enclosure as a refuge area 有防烟围封的楼梯前室作为避难区

800 1200 Refuge area UP DN A vented stairway landing as a refuge area 有通风设备的楼梯上落处作为避难区

1200 Refuge area UP DN An exterior balcony adjacent to the staircase as a refuge area 靠近楼梯的外围露台作为避难区 UP DN

800 1200 Refuge area

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84 家居安全 Home Safety

4 Ideally, natural ventilation shall be provided to protected lobbies. It is recommended that design of refuge areas shall meet the following requirements: Floor Surfaces for Refuge Areas ? To ensure recognition by people with visual impairments, it is recommended that tactile positional tiles shall be provided beside the entrance to a refuge area. ? Slip-resistant floor surfaces should be provided in refuge areas. Fire Doors to Refuge Areas ? Refuge areas shall be enclosed by fire doors. Wheelchair Parking Space in Refuge Areas ? At least one wheelchair parking space shall be provided in each refuge area. ? It is recommended that wheelchair parking spaces shall be indicated by distinctive floor materials or floor markings. ? It is recommended that the area of each wheelchair parking spaces shall be not less than 800mm x 1200mm. ? It is recommended that wheelchair parking spaces shall not block exit paths to staircases or fireman'

s lifts. Fire Safety Equipment ? It is recommended that the refuge areas be provided with clear signage at the entrance to the refuge area and on escape routes. To enable recognitions by people with visual impairments, it is recommended that signs shall employ contrasting colours, and shall be duplicated by Braille and raised letter labelling in appropriate locations. ? To facilitate use by people in wheelchairs, it is recommended that communication equipment in refuge areas shall be provided close to wheelchair parking space and at a height between 750mm and 1100mm. It should enable calls to the Building Management Office and emergency services. To facilitate use by people with visual impairments, it is recommended that Braille and raised letter / character labelling shall be provided to all communication equipment. ? It is recommended that emergency call buttons be of a suitable type for use by people with disabilities and the elderly. To enable recognition by people with visual impairments, it is recommended that emergency call buttons shall employ contrasting colours, and shall be labelled in Braille and raised letters. 最理想的避难区应有自然的通风系统.建议 避难区的设计应符合以下要求: 避难区的地面 ? 建议在避难区入口的旁边,设置方位引? ? ? 路砖,以方便视障人士识别避难区入口? ? ? 方位. ? 避难区应铺设防滑地面. 避难区的防火门 ? 避难区应设防火门. 避难区的轮椅停放处 ? 每个避难区至少应设置一个轮椅停放 ? ? 处. ? 建议将轮椅停放处地面铺设显眼的物料? ? ? 或标示围,以容易识别. ? 建议每个轮椅停放处的面积应不少於? ? ? 800毫米?x?1200毫米. ? 建议轮椅停放处不应阻塞疏散至楼梯或? ? ? 消防升降机的通道. 消防设备 ? 建议在避难区入口和逃生通道应设指示? ? ? 牌,明确标志避难区方位,以确保视障? ? ? 人士能够识别.建议这些标志应采用对? ? ? 比色,并於适当位置多次使用设有凸起? ? ? 盲文及字母的标志. ? 为了方便轮椅人士,建议在避难区靠近? ? ? 轮椅停放处的地方设置通讯设备,高度? ? ? 应介乎750毫米至1100毫米之间.这些 ? ? 通讯设备可以联系至大厦管理处和紧急? ? ? 救援服务.为了方便视障人士,这些通? ? ? 讯设备应设置凸起盲文及字母. ? 建议应装置适合残障人士及长者使用的? ? ? 紧急救援按扭.为使视障人士能够识 ? ? 别,建议紧急救援按钮必须采用对比 ? ? 色,并设凸起盲文及字母. 4.1.3.2??防火门 防火门的设计应全面顾及残障人士和长者的 需要,并建议符合下列要求: ? 建议防火门须适合残障人士使用,尤其?? ? ? 轮椅人士.设计须符合第3章的无障碍 ? ? 门的设计要求. ? 建议所有疏散门的净宽不少於850毫米. ? 建议疏散门应采用对比色,以方便视障?? ? ? 人士. ? 建议设置发声讯号,以指示疏散门方 ? ? 向,以协助视障人士. ? 建议疏散门应设置观望板,建议板段底?? ? ? 部不应离地面多於1000毫米;

其顶部不? ? ? ? 应离地面少於1500毫米. ??建议自掩门设置可调整的关门装置. 4.1.3.2 Fire Doors Fire doors design should take into consideration the needs of people with disabilities and the elderl................