PDF《1966-1968 年北京大学红卫兵的派系冲突》

1 见Hong Yung Lee, The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: A Case Study (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978);

唐少杰《从清华大学两派看文化 大革命中群众组织的对立和分歧》(载于张华、苏采青所编《回首文革:中国 十年文革分析与反思》第二卷,北京:中国党史出版社,774-788 页).

2 徐友渔指出这种保守派与造反派的派别区分在

1967 年初造反派内部分化之后就 失去了意义.见徐友渔《形形色色的造反:红卫兵精神素质的形成及演变》 (香港:香港中文大学出版社,1999).

3 见Ezra Vogel, Canton Under Communism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969), pp. 339-340;

Lee, Politics of the Cultural Revolution, pp. 1-6.

4 见Gordon White, The politics of Hsia-hsiang youth, The China Quarterly, No.

59 (1974), pp. 491-517;

The politics of demobilized soldiers from liberation to Cultural Revolution, The China Quarterly, No.

82 (1980), pp. 187-213;

Andrew Walder, The Chinese Cultural Revolution in the factories: party-state structures and patterns of conflict, in Elizabeth Perry (ed.) Putting Class in its Place: Worker Identities in East Asia (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1996), pp. 167-198. 【当代中国研究】Modern China Studies Vol. 20, No. 1,

2013 68 1966-1968 年北京大学红卫兵的派系冲突 会动员工人们反抗造反派的攻击以保护上海市委5 . 在中学里, 早期 的红卫兵组织则是以来自革命干部家庭的学生为主,他们反对对高 级别的党组织官员进行攻击6 . 北京大学是文化大革命的震中,其红卫兵组织亦经历过剧烈的 内部分化.然而迄今为止,关于北大

1966 至1968 年间红卫兵派系 的斗争仍然缺乏细致的研究,直到最近一批新资料的公布,才使得 重建工作得以变得可能,这包括派系的起源、领导者的身份、双方 争论的本质以及冲突升级的过程7 . 令人惊讶的是, 冲突双方在领导 层面和政治取向上是相似的,在政治策略和个人品性上虽然差异显 著,但在教义和纲领上却没有足够大的差别以将他们区分为保守派 或造反派.一旦北大内部的派系与北京市其他群众组织结成联盟, 并陷于高层政治家的操纵之中,两派的界限就会被强化,伴随而来 的是暴力的升级.这段简短的历史表明派系之间的暴力冲突是一种 权力争夺之下派别利益的激烈对抗,而非中国社会结构性分化的表 现.

5 Elizabeth Perry and Li Xun, Proletarian Power: Shanghai in the Cultural Revolution (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997);

Andrew Walder, Chang Ch'

un-ch'

iao and Shanghai'

s January Revolution (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1978).

6 Anita Chan, Stanley Rosen and Jonathan Unger, Students and class warfare: the social roots of the Red Guard conflict in Guangzhou (Canton), The China Quarterly, No.

83 (1980), pp. 397-446;

Gordon White, The Politics of Class and Class Origin: The Case of the Cultural Revolution (Canberra: Contemporary China Centre, Australian National University, 1976).

7 促成这一研究所使用到的新资料,可参见 Joseph W. Esherick, Paul G. Pickowicz, and Andrew G. Walder, The Chinese Cultural Revolution as History: an introduction, in Joseph W. Esherick, Paul G. Pickowicz, and Andrew G. Walder (eds.), The Chinese Cultural Revolution as History (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006), pp. 1-28. 【当代中国研究】Modern China Studies Vol. 20, No. 1,