PDF《植物精油抑制真菌及真菌毒素的研究进展》

中草药 Chinese qraditional and eerbal arugs 第4T 卷第NN 期OMNS 年S月・OMNN・ 植物精油抑制真菌及真菌毒素的研究进展 李燕君 1,

2 ,孔维军

1 ,李梦华 1,

3 ,杨世海 2* ,杨美华 1* 1.

中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京

100193 2. 吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林 长春

130118 3. 江苏大学药学院,江苏 镇江

212013 摘要:真菌及真菌毒素极易污染食品、果蔬、中药材、农产品等基质使其霉败变质,这不仅造成巨大的资源浪费和经济损 失,还会带来潜在的安全隐患,严重威胁人们的身体健康和生命安全,这一问题已引起全球性的广泛关注.研究者们竭力探 索科学有效的策略和措施抑制或防止诸多基质的真菌和真菌毒素污染. 化学合成抑菌剂备受欢迎, 但是同时存在残毒、 公害、 抗性等问题,已被禁止使用.植物精油因具有抑菌活性强、抑菌谱广、高挥发性、生物降解性良好、在基质中低残留、无毒 或低毒对人体相对安全、对环境友好等优点,可作为潜在的新型绿色防霉抑菌剂.针对植物精油的分布、抑制真菌生长及真 菌毒素合成的作用、抑菌广谱性、安全性评价、抑菌机制进行综述,以期为研发天然、绿色抗真菌剂提供科学参考. 关键词:植物精油;

真菌;

真菌毒素;

绿色抑菌剂;

安全性评价;

抑菌机制 中图分类号:R286.01 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253 - 2670(2016)11 -

2011 -

08 alfW 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2016.11.031 Advance in study on plant essential oils for their inhibitory effects on fungal growth and mycotoxin synthesis LI Yan-jun1,

2 , KONG Wei-jun1 , LI Meng-hua1,

3 , YANG Shi-hai2 , YANG Mei-hua1 1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China 2. College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China 3. School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China AbstractW Fungi and mycotoxins contamination in food, fruits, and vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and agricultural commodities has not only led to a huge waste of resources and economic losses, but also posed the potential threats for human'

s safety and health, which has been widely concerned in the world. The researchers are trying their best to look for the scientific and effective methods to control the fungi growth and mycotoxins production in these matrices. Although some synthetic chemicals have been usually used as fungicides, they were still prohibited owing to the disadvantages of residues, public hazards, drug resistance, and so on. Many plant essential oils (PEOs), because of their advantages including broad-spectrum antifungal activity, high volatility, short degradation period, minimal residues, non-toxicity or low toxicity, friendly to human and environment, have the attractive attention of scientific community towards the development of eco-friendly botanical fungicides. The paper reviewed the distribution of PEOs, together with their inhibitory effects on fungal growth and mycotoxins production, antifungal spectrum, safety assessment, and antifungal mechanism to provide the scientific evidences for developing effective green fungicides. hey wordsW plant essential oils;

fungi;

mycotoxins;

green fungicides;

safety assessment;

antifungal mechanism 食品、谷物、果蔬、中药材等基质,在种植、 采收、加工、运输尤其是储藏过程中受温度、湿度、 空气、 光照、微生物等多种物理、化学及生物因素的 影响,极易被曲霉属 Aspergillus Link. Fr.、青霉属 收稿日期:2015-11-12 基金项目:海南省重大科技项目(ZDZX2013008) 作者简介:李燕君(1990―) ,女,硕士在读,生药学研究.Tel: